Code coverage tests

This page documents the degree to which the PARI/GP source code is tested by our public test suite, distributed with the source distribution in directory src/test/. This is measured by the gcov utility; we then process gcov output using the lcov frond-end.

We test a few variants depending on Configure flags on the pari.math.u-bordeaux.fr machine (x86_64 architecture), and agregate them in the final report:

The target is to exceed 90% coverage for all mathematical modules (given that branches depending on DEBUGLEVEL or DEBUGMEM are not covered). This script is run to produce the results below.

LCOV - code coverage report
Current view: top level - basemath - Flx.c (source / functions) Hit Total Coverage
Test: PARI/GP v2.18.1 lcov report (development 29990-24a3d4768e) Lines: 2459 2811 87.5 %
Date: 2025-02-11 09:12:34 Functions: 302 356 84.8 %
Legend: Lines: hit not hit

          Line data    Source code
       1             : /* Copyright (C) 2004  The PARI group.
       2             : 
       3             : This file is part of the PARI/GP package.
       4             : 
       5             : PARI/GP is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it under the
       6             : terms of the GNU General Public License as published by the Free Software
       7             : Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or (at your option) any later
       8             : version. It is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT
       9             : ANY WARRANTY WHATSOEVER.
      10             : 
      11             : Check the License for details. You should have received a copy of it, along
      12             : with the package; see the file 'COPYING'. If not, write to the Free Software
      13             : Foundation, Inc., 51 Franklin Street, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110-1301 USA. */
      14             : 
      15             : #include "pari.h"
      16             : #include "paripriv.h"
      17             : 
      18             : /* Not so fast arithmetic with polynomials with small coefficients. */
      19             : 
      20             : static GEN
      21   979447627 : get_Flx_red(GEN T, GEN *B)
      22             : {
      23   979447627 :   if (typ(T)!=t_VEC) { *B=NULL; return T; }
      24      557906 :   *B = gel(T,1); return gel(T,2);
      25             : }
      26             : 
      27             : /***********************************************************************/
      28             : /**                              Flx                                  **/
      29             : /***********************************************************************/
      30             : /* Flx objects are defined as follows:
      31             :  * Let l an ulong. An Flx is a t_VECSMALL:
      32             :  * x[0] = codeword
      33             :  * x[1] = evalvarn(variable number)  (signe is not stored).
      34             :  * x[2] = a_0 x[3] = a_1, etc. with 0 <= a_i < l
      35             :  *
      36             :  * signe(x) is not valid. Use degpol(x)>0 instead. */
      37             : /***********************************************************************/
      38             : /**                      Conversion from Flx                          **/
      39             : /***********************************************************************/
      40             : 
      41             : GEN
      42    37120630 : Flx_to_ZX(GEN z)
      43             : {
      44    37120630 :   long i, l = lg(z);
      45    37120630 :   GEN x = cgetg(l,t_POL);
      46   242350232 :   for (i=2; i<l; i++) gel(x,i) = utoi(z[i]);
      47    37105622 :   x[1] = evalsigne(l-2!=0)| z[1]; return x;
      48             : }
      49             : 
      50             : GEN
      51       71360 : Flx_to_FlxX(GEN z, long sv)
      52             : {
      53       71360 :   long i, l = lg(z);
      54       71360 :   GEN x = cgetg(l,t_POL);
      55      278207 :   for (i=2; i<l; i++) gel(x,i) = Fl_to_Flx(z[i], sv);
      56       71360 :   x[1] = evalsigne(l-2!=0)| z[1]; return x;
      57             : }
      58             : 
      59             : /* same as Flx_to_ZX, in place */
      60             : GEN
      61    36442846 : Flx_to_ZX_inplace(GEN z)
      62             : {
      63    36442846 :   long i, l = lg(z);
      64   227320116 :   for (i=2; i<l; i++) gel(z,i) = utoi(z[i]);
      65    36430141 :   settyp(z, t_POL); z[1]=evalsigne(l-2!=0)|z[1]; return z;
      66             : }
      67             : 
      68             : /*Flx_to_Flv=zx_to_zv*/
      69             : GEN
      70    65822198 : Flx_to_Flv(GEN x, long N)
      71             : {
      72    65822198 :   GEN z = cgetg(N+1,t_VECSMALL);
      73    65815727 :   long i, l = lg(x)-1;
      74    65815727 :   x++;
      75   704912275 :   for (i=1; i<l ; i++) z[i]=x[i];
      76   328326674 :   for (   ; i<=N; i++) z[i]=0;
      77    65815727 :   return z;
      78             : }
      79             : 
      80             : /*Flv_to_Flx=zv_to_zx*/
      81             : GEN
      82    25249196 : Flv_to_Flx(GEN x, long sv)
      83             : {
      84    25249196 :   long i, l=lg(x)+1;
      85    25249196 :   GEN z = cgetg(l,t_VECSMALL); z[1]=sv;
      86    25244413 :   x--;
      87   278326155 :   for (i=2; i<l ; i++) z[i]=x[i];
      88    25244413 :   return Flx_renormalize(z,l);
      89             : }
      90             : 
      91             : /*Flm_to_FlxV=zm_to_zxV*/
      92             : GEN
      93        2296 : Flm_to_FlxV(GEN x, long sv)
      94        6272 : { pari_APPLY_type(t_VEC, Flv_to_Flx(gel(x,i), sv)) }
      95             : 
      96             : /*FlxC_to_ZXC=zxC_to_ZXC*/
      97             : GEN
      98      103966 : FlxC_to_ZXC(GEN x)
      99      527193 : { pari_APPLY_type(t_COL, Flx_to_ZX(gel(x,i))) }
     100             : 
     101             : /*FlxC_to_ZXC=zxV_to_ZXV*/
     102             : GEN
     103      612512 : FlxV_to_ZXV(GEN x)
     104     2478337 : { pari_APPLY_type(t_VEC, Flx_to_ZX(gel(x,i))) }
     105             : 
     106             : void
     107     2927377 : FlxV_to_ZXV_inplace(GEN v)
     108             : {
     109             :   long i;
     110     7775995 :   for(i=1;i<lg(v);i++) gel(v,i)= Flx_to_ZX(gel(v,i));
     111     2927285 : }
     112             : 
     113             : /*FlxM_to_ZXM=zxM_to_ZXM*/
     114             : GEN
     115        2399 : FlxM_to_ZXM(GEN x)
     116        8123 : { pari_APPLY_same(FlxC_to_ZXC(gel(x,i))) }
     117             : 
     118             : GEN
     119      398050 : FlxV_to_FlxX(GEN x, long v)
     120             : {
     121      398050 :   long i, l = lg(x)+1;
     122      398050 :   GEN z = cgetg(l,t_POL); z[1] = evalvarn(v);
     123      398050 :   x--;
     124     4993804 :   for (i=2; i<l ; i++) gel(z,i) = gel(x,i);
     125      398050 :   return FlxX_renormalize(z,l);
     126             : }
     127             : 
     128             : GEN
     129           0 : FlxM_to_FlxXV(GEN x, long v)
     130           0 : { pari_APPLY_type(t_COL, FlxV_to_FlxX(gel(x,i), v)) }
     131             : 
     132             : GEN
     133           0 : FlxM_Flx_add_shallow(GEN x, GEN y, ulong p)
     134             : {
     135           0 :   long l = lg(x), i, j;
     136           0 :   GEN z = cgetg(l,t_MAT);
     137             : 
     138           0 :   if (l==1) return z;
     139           0 :   if (l != lgcols(x)) pari_err_OP( "+", x, y);
     140           0 :   for (i=1; i<l; i++)
     141             :   {
     142           0 :     GEN zi = cgetg(l,t_COL), xi = gel(x,i);
     143           0 :     gel(z,i) = zi;
     144           0 :     for (j=1; j<l; j++) gel(zi,j) = gel(xi,j);
     145           0 :     gel(zi,i) = Flx_add(gel(zi,i), y, p);
     146             :   }
     147           0 :   return z;
     148             : }
     149             : 
     150             : /***********************************************************************/
     151             : /**                      Conversion to Flx                            **/
     152             : /***********************************************************************/
     153             : /* Take an integer and return a scalar polynomial mod p,  with evalvarn=vs */
     154             : GEN
     155    19868224 : Fl_to_Flx(ulong x, long sv) { return x? mkvecsmall2(sv, x): pol0_Flx(sv); }
     156             : 
     157             : /* a X^d */
     158             : GEN
     159      913514 : monomial_Flx(ulong a, long d, long vs)
     160             : {
     161             :   GEN P;
     162      913514 :   if (a==0) return pol0_Flx(vs);
     163      913514 :   P = const_vecsmall(d+2, 0);
     164      913522 :   P[1] = vs; P[d+2] = a; return P;
     165             : }
     166             : 
     167             : GEN
     168     2595686 : Z_to_Flx(GEN x, ulong p, long sv)
     169             : {
     170     2595686 :   long u = umodiu(x,p);
     171     2595674 :   return u? mkvecsmall2(sv, u): pol0_Flx(sv);
     172             : }
     173             : 
     174             : /* return x[0 .. dx] mod p as t_VECSMALL. Assume x a t_POL*/
     175             : GEN
     176   167436110 : ZX_to_Flx(GEN x, ulong p)
     177             : {
     178   167436110 :   long i, lx = lg(x);
     179   167436110 :   GEN a = cgetg(lx, t_VECSMALL);
     180   167375716 :   a[1]=((ulong)x[1])&VARNBITS;
     181  1110689125 :   for (i=2; i<lx; i++) a[i] = umodiu(gel(x,i), p);
     182   167378276 :   return Flx_renormalize(a,lx);
     183             : }
     184             : 
     185             : /* return x[0 .. dx] mod p as t_VECSMALL. Assume x a t_POL*/
     186             : GEN
     187     6101302 : zx_to_Flx(GEN x, ulong p)
     188             : {
     189     6101302 :   long i, lx = lg(x);
     190     6101302 :   GEN a = cgetg(lx, t_VECSMALL);
     191     6095652 :   a[1] = x[1];
     192    18715920 :   for (i=2; i<lx; i++) uel(a,i) = umodsu(x[i], p);
     193     6094606 :   return Flx_renormalize(a,lx);
     194             : }
     195             : 
     196             : ulong
     197    73024340 : Rg_to_Fl(GEN x, ulong p)
     198             : {
     199    73024340 :   switch(typ(x))
     200             :   {
     201    48029963 :     case t_INT: return umodiu(x, p);
     202      454297 :     case t_FRAC: {
     203      454297 :       ulong z = umodiu(gel(x,1), p);
     204      454299 :       if (!z) return 0;
     205      444605 :       return Fl_div(z, umodiu(gel(x,2), p), p);
     206             :     }
     207      205951 :     case t_PADIC: return padic_to_Fl(x, p);
     208    24334138 :     case t_INTMOD: {
     209    24334138 :       GEN q = gel(x,1), a = gel(x,2);
     210    24334138 :       if (absequaliu(q, p)) return itou(a);
     211           0 :       if (!dvdiu(q,p)) pari_err_MODULUS("Rg_to_Fl", q, utoipos(p));
     212           0 :       return umodiu(a, p);
     213             :     }
     214           0 :     default: pari_err_TYPE("Rg_to_Fl",x);
     215             :       return 0; /* LCOV_EXCL_LINE */
     216             :   }
     217             : }
     218             : 
     219             : ulong
     220     1706764 : Rg_to_F2(GEN x)
     221             : {
     222     1706764 :   switch(typ(x))
     223             :   {
     224      273955 :     case t_INT: return mpodd(x);
     225           0 :     case t_FRAC:
     226           0 :       if (!mpodd(gel(x,2))) (void)Fl_inv(0,2); /* error */
     227           0 :       return mpodd(gel(x,1));
     228           0 :     case t_PADIC:
     229           0 :       if (!absequaliu(padic_p(x),2)) pari_err_OP("",x, mkintmodu(1,2));
     230           0 :       if (valp(x) < 0) (void)Fl_inv(0,2);
     231           0 :       return valp(x) & 1;
     232     1432809 :     case t_INTMOD: {
     233     1432809 :       GEN q = gel(x,1), a = gel(x,2);
     234     1432809 :       if (mpodd(q)) pari_err_MODULUS("Rg_to_F2", q, gen_2);
     235     1432809 :       return mpodd(a);
     236             :     }
     237           0 :     default: pari_err_TYPE("Rg_to_F2",x);
     238             :       return 0; /* LCOV_EXCL_LINE */
     239             :   }
     240             : }
     241             : 
     242             : GEN
     243     2354919 : RgX_to_Flx(GEN x, ulong p)
     244             : {
     245     2354919 :   long i, lx = lg(x);
     246     2354919 :   GEN a = cgetg(lx, t_VECSMALL);
     247     2354919 :   a[1]=((ulong)x[1])&VARNBITS;
     248    20434845 :   for (i=2; i<lx; i++) a[i] = Rg_to_Fl(gel(x,i), p);
     249     2354919 :   return Flx_renormalize(a,lx);
     250             : }
     251             : 
     252             : GEN
     253           7 : RgXV_to_FlxV(GEN x, ulong p)
     254         175 : { pari_APPLY_type(t_VEC, RgX_to_Flx(gel(x,i), p)) }
     255             : 
     256             : /* If x is a POLMOD, assume modulus is a multiple of T. */
     257             : GEN
     258     3565990 : Rg_to_Flxq(GEN x, GEN T, ulong p)
     259             : {
     260     3565990 :   long ta, tx = typ(x), v = get_Flx_var(T);
     261             :   ulong pi;
     262             :   GEN a, b;
     263     3565988 :   if (is_const_t(tx))
     264             :   {
     265     3315371 :     if (tx == t_FFELT) return FF_to_Flxq(x);
     266     2584363 :     return Fl_to_Flx(Rg_to_Fl(x, p), v);
     267             :   }
     268      250616 :   switch(tx)
     269             :   {
     270        8576 :     case t_POLMOD:
     271        8576 :       b = gel(x,1);
     272        8576 :       a = gel(x,2); ta = typ(a);
     273        8576 :       if (is_const_t(ta)) return Fl_to_Flx(Rg_to_Fl(a, p), v);
     274        8422 :       b = RgX_to_Flx(b, p); if (b[1] != v) break;
     275        8422 :       a = RgX_to_Flx(a, p); if (Flx_equal(b,T)) return a;
     276           0 :       pi = SMALL_ULONG(p)? 0: get_Fl_red(p);
     277           0 :       if (lgpol(Flx_rem_pre(b,T,p,pi))==0) return Flx_rem_pre(a, T, p, pi);
     278           0 :       break;
     279      242040 :     case t_POL:
     280      242040 :       x = RgX_to_Flx(x,p);
     281      242040 :       if (x[1] != v) break;
     282      242040 :       return Flx_rem(x, T, p);
     283           0 :     case t_RFRAC:
     284           0 :       a = Rg_to_Flxq(gel(x,1), T,p);
     285           0 :       b = Rg_to_Flxq(gel(x,2), T,p);
     286           0 :       return Flxq_div(a,b, T,p);
     287             :   }
     288           0 :   pari_err_TYPE("Rg_to_Flxq",x);
     289             :   return NULL; /* LCOV_EXCL_LINE */
     290             : }
     291             : 
     292             : /***********************************************************************/
     293             : /**                   Basic operation on Flx                          **/
     294             : /***********************************************************************/
     295             : /* = zx_renormalize. Similar to normalizepol, in place */
     296             : GEN
     297  2123497024 : Flx_renormalize(GEN /*in place*/ x, long lx)
     298             : {
     299             :   long i;
     300  2372051406 :   for (i = lx-1; i>1; i--)
     301  2277874490 :     if (x[i]) break;
     302  2123497024 :   stackdummy((pari_sp)(x + lg(x)), (pari_sp)(x + i+1));
     303  2122427953 :   setlg(x, i+1); return x;
     304             : }
     305             : 
     306             : GEN
     307     1876846 : Flx_red(GEN z, ulong p)
     308             : {
     309     1876846 :   long i, l = lg(z);
     310     1876846 :   GEN x = cgetg(l, t_VECSMALL);
     311     1876661 :   x[1] = z[1];
     312    33186517 :   for (i=2; i<l; i++) x[i] = uel(z,i)%p;
     313     1876661 :   return Flx_renormalize(x,l);
     314             : }
     315             : 
     316             : int
     317    29350656 : Flx_equal(GEN V, GEN W)
     318             : {
     319    29350656 :   long l = lg(V);
     320    29350656 :   if (lg(W) != l) return 0;
     321    30376648 :   while (--l > 1) /* do not compare variables, V[1] */
     322    29243429 :     if (V[l] != W[l]) return 0;
     323     1133219 :   return 1;
     324             : }
     325             : 
     326             : GEN
     327     2588789 : random_Flx(long d1, long vs, ulong p)
     328             : {
     329     2588789 :   long i, d = d1+2;
     330     2588789 :   GEN y = cgetg(d,t_VECSMALL); y[1] = vs;
     331    17929716 :   for (i=2; i<d; i++) y[i] = random_Fl(p);
     332     2588906 :   return Flx_renormalize(y,d);
     333             : }
     334             : 
     335             : static GEN
     336     7125885 : Flx_addspec(GEN x, GEN y, ulong p, long lx, long ly)
     337             : {
     338             :   long i,lz;
     339             :   GEN z;
     340             : 
     341     7125885 :   if (ly>lx) swapspec(x,y, lx,ly);
     342     7125885 :   lz = lx+2; z = cgetg(lz, t_VECSMALL);
     343   106030468 :   for (i=0; i<ly; i++) z[i+2] = Fl_add(x[i], y[i], p);
     344    89789861 :   for (   ; i<lx; i++) z[i+2] = x[i];
     345     7125885 :   z[1] = 0; return Flx_renormalize(z, lz);
     346             : }
     347             : 
     348             : GEN
     349    62595961 : Flx_add(GEN x, GEN y, ulong p)
     350             : {
     351             :   long i,lz;
     352             :   GEN z;
     353    62595961 :   long lx=lg(x);
     354    62595961 :   long ly=lg(y);
     355    62595961 :   if (ly>lx) swapspec(x,y, lx,ly);
     356    62595961 :   lz = lx; z = cgetg(lz, t_VECSMALL); z[1]=x[1];
     357   572557401 :   for (i=2; i<ly; i++) z[i] = Fl_add(x[i], y[i], p);
     358   128004853 :   for (   ; i<lx; i++) z[i] = x[i];
     359    62621935 :   return Flx_renormalize(z, lz);
     360             : }
     361             : 
     362             : GEN
     363     9906297 : Flx_Fl_add(GEN y, ulong x, ulong p)
     364             : {
     365             :   GEN z;
     366             :   long lz, i;
     367     9906297 :   if (!lgpol(y))
     368      228736 :     return Fl_to_Flx(x,y[1]);
     369     9678214 :   lz=lg(y);
     370     9678214 :   z=cgetg(lz,t_VECSMALL);
     371     9677324 :   z[1]=y[1];
     372     9677324 :   z[2] = Fl_add(y[2],x,p);
     373    46915569 :   for(i=3;i<lz;i++)
     374    37238593 :     z[i] = y[i];
     375     9676976 :   if (lz==3) z = Flx_renormalize(z,lz);
     376     9676943 :   return z;
     377             : }
     378             : 
     379             : static GEN
     380      896243 : Flx_subspec(GEN x, GEN y, ulong p, long lx, long ly)
     381             : {
     382             :   long i,lz;
     383             :   GEN z;
     384             : 
     385      896243 :   if (ly <= lx)
     386             :   {
     387      896365 :     lz = lx+2; z = cgetg(lz, t_VECSMALL);
     388    53695979 :     for (i=0; i<ly; i++) z[i+2] = Fl_sub(x[i],y[i],p);
     389     1446576 :     for (   ; i<lx; i++) z[i+2] = x[i];
     390             :   }
     391             :   else
     392             :   {
     393           0 :     lz = ly+2; z = cgetg(lz, t_VECSMALL);
     394           0 :     for (i=0; i<lx; i++) z[i+2] = Fl_sub(x[i],y[i],p);
     395           0 :     for (   ; i<ly; i++) z[i+2] = Fl_neg(y[i],p);
     396             :   }
     397      895972 :   z[1] = 0; return Flx_renormalize(z, lz);
     398             : }
     399             : 
     400             : GEN
     401   138063691 : Flx_sub(GEN x, GEN y, ulong p)
     402             : {
     403   138063691 :   long i,lz,lx = lg(x), ly = lg(y);
     404             :   GEN z;
     405             : 
     406   138063691 :   if (ly <= lx)
     407             :   {
     408    87901534 :     lz = lx; z = cgetg(lz, t_VECSMALL);
     409   456119277 :     for (i=2; i<ly; i++) z[i] = Fl_sub(x[i],y[i],p);
     410   175723005 :     for (   ; i<lx; i++) z[i] = x[i];
     411             :   }
     412             :   else
     413             :   {
     414    50162157 :     lz = ly; z = cgetg(lz, t_VECSMALL);
     415   259737872 :     for (i=2; i<lx; i++) z[i] = Fl_sub(x[i],y[i],p);
     416   232507797 :     for (   ; i<ly; i++) z[i] = y[i]? (long)(p - y[i]): y[i];
     417             :   }
     418   138055515 :   z[1]=x[1]; return Flx_renormalize(z, lz);
     419             : }
     420             : 
     421             : GEN
     422      151350 : Flx_Fl_sub(GEN y, ulong x, ulong p)
     423             : {
     424             :   GEN z;
     425      151350 :   long lz = lg(y), i;
     426      151350 :   if (lz==2)
     427         513 :     return Fl_to_Flx(Fl_neg(x, p),y[1]);
     428      150837 :   z = cgetg(lz, t_VECSMALL);
     429      150837 :   z[1] = y[1];
     430      150837 :   z[2] = Fl_sub(uel(y,2), x, p);
     431      751627 :   for(i=3; i<lz; i++)
     432      600790 :     z[i] = y[i];
     433      150837 :   if (lz==3) z = Flx_renormalize(z,lz);
     434      150837 :   return z;
     435             : }
     436             : 
     437             : static GEN
     438     3263218 : Flx_negspec(GEN x, ulong p, long l)
     439             : {
     440             :   long i;
     441     3263218 :   GEN z = cgetg(l+2, t_VECSMALL) + 2;
     442    20970485 :   for (i=0; i<l; i++) z[i] = Fl_neg(x[i], p);
     443     3263186 :   return z-2;
     444             : }
     445             : 
     446             : GEN
     447     3263222 : Flx_neg(GEN x, ulong p)
     448             : {
     449     3263222 :   GEN z = Flx_negspec(x+2, p, lgpol(x));
     450     3263264 :   z[1] = x[1];
     451     3263264 :   return z;
     452             : }
     453             : 
     454             : GEN
     455     1746563 : Flx_neg_inplace(GEN x, ulong p)
     456             : {
     457     1746563 :   long i, l = lg(x);
     458    52077893 :   for (i=2; i<l; i++)
     459    50331330 :     if (x[i]) x[i] = p - x[i];
     460     1746563 :   return x;
     461             : }
     462             : 
     463             : GEN
     464     2444284 : Flx_double(GEN y, ulong p)
     465             : {
     466             :   long i, l;
     467     2444284 :   GEN z = cgetg_copy(y, &l); z[1] = y[1];
     468    20390198 :   for(i=2; i<l; i++) z[i] = Fl_double(y[i], p);
     469     2444284 :   return Flx_renormalize(z, l);
     470             : }
     471             : GEN
     472     1049263 : Flx_triple(GEN y, ulong p)
     473             : {
     474             :   long i, l;
     475     1049263 :   GEN z = cgetg_copy(y, &l); z[1] = y[1];
     476     8306859 :   for(i=2; i<l; i++) z[i] = Fl_triple(y[i], p);
     477     1049263 :   return Flx_renormalize(z, l);
     478             : }
     479             : 
     480             : GEN
     481    18376270 : Flx_Fl_mul_pre(GEN y, ulong x, ulong p, ulong pi)
     482             : {
     483             :   GEN z;
     484             :   long i, l;
     485    18376270 :   if (!x) return pol0_Flx(y[1]);
     486    17594569 :   z = cgetg_copy(y, &l); z[1] = y[1];
     487    17594364 :   if (pi==0)
     488             :   {
     489    15414273 :     if (HIGHWORD(x | p))
     490           0 :       for(i=2; i<l; i++) z[i] = Fl_mul(uel(y,i), x, p);
     491             :     else
     492    92552621 :       for(i=2; i<l; i++) z[i] = (uel(y,i) * x) % p;
     493             :   } else
     494    17972397 :       for(i=2; i<l; i++) z[i] = Fl_mul_pre(uel(y,i), x, p, pi);
     495    17595190 :   return Flx_renormalize(z, l);
     496             : }
     497             : 
     498             : GEN
     499     7278137 : Flx_Fl_mul(GEN x, ulong y, ulong p)
     500     7278137 : { return Flx_Fl_mul_pre(x, y, p, SMALL_ULONG(p)? 0: get_Fl_red(p)); }
     501             : 
     502             : GEN
     503           0 : Flx_convol(GEN x, GEN y, ulong p)
     504             : {
     505           0 :   long lx = lg(x), ly = lg(y), i;
     506             :   GEN z;
     507           0 :   if (lx < ly) swapspec(x,y, lx,ly);
     508           0 :   z = cgetg(ly,t_VECSMALL); z[1] = x[1];
     509           0 :   for (i=2; i<ly; i++) uel(z,i) = Fl_mul(uel(x,i),uel(y,i), p);
     510           0 :   return Flx_renormalize(z, ly);
     511             : }
     512             : 
     513             : GEN
     514    11964697 : Flx_Fl_mul_to_monic(GEN y, ulong x, ulong p)
     515             : {
     516             :   GEN z;
     517             :   long i, l;
     518    11964697 :   z = cgetg_copy(y, &l); z[1] = y[1];
     519    11962113 :   if (HIGHWORD(x | p))
     520     5408378 :     for(i=2; i<l-1; i++) z[i] = Fl_mul(y[i], x, p);
     521             :   else
     522    26834436 :     for(i=2; i<l-1; i++) z[i] = (y[i] * x) % p;
     523    11962102 :   z[l-1] = 1; return z;
     524             : }
     525             : 
     526             : /* Return a*x^n if n>=0 and a\x^(-n) if n<0 */
     527             : GEN
     528    26804792 : Flx_shift(GEN a, long n)
     529             : {
     530    26804792 :   long i, l = lg(a);
     531             :   GEN  b;
     532    26804792 :   if (l==2 || !n) return Flx_copy(a);
     533    26462735 :   if (l+n<=2) return pol0_Flx(a[1]);
     534    26248309 :   b = cgetg(l+n, t_VECSMALL);
     535    26246393 :   b[1] = a[1];
     536    26246393 :   if (n < 0)
     537    71718236 :     for (i=2-n; i<l; i++) b[i+n] = a[i];
     538             :   else
     539             :   {
     540    50893519 :     for (i=0; i<n; i++) b[2+i] = 0;
     541   148361847 :     for (i=2; i<l; i++) b[i+n] = a[i];
     542             :   }
     543    26246393 :   return b;
     544             : }
     545             : 
     546             : GEN
     547    62193618 : Flx_normalize(GEN z, ulong p)
     548             : {
     549    62193618 :   long l = lg(z)-1;
     550    62193618 :   ulong p1 = z[l]; /* leading term */
     551    62193618 :   if (p1 == 1) return z;
     552    11936080 :   return Flx_Fl_mul_to_monic(z, Fl_inv(p1,p), p);
     553             : }
     554             : 
     555             : /* return (x * X^d) + y. Assume d > 0, shallow if x == 0*/
     556             : static GEN
     557     3662141 : Flx_addshift(GEN x, GEN y, ulong p, long d)
     558             : {
     559     3662141 :   GEN xd,yd,zd = (GEN)avma;
     560     3662141 :   long a,lz,ny = lgpol(y), nx = lgpol(x);
     561     3662141 :   long vs = x[1];
     562     3662141 :   if (nx == 0) return y;
     563     3660289 :   x += 2; y += 2; a = ny-d;
     564     3660289 :   if (a <= 0)
     565             :   {
     566       85096 :     lz = (a>nx)? ny+2: nx+d+2;
     567       85096 :     (void)new_chunk(lz); xd = x+nx; yd = y+ny;
     568     1725373 :     while (xd > x) *--zd = *--xd;
     569       85096 :     x = zd + a;
     570      163436 :     while (zd > x) *--zd = 0;
     571             :   }
     572             :   else
     573             :   {
     574     3575193 :     xd = new_chunk(d); yd = y+d;
     575     3575193 :     x = Flx_addspec(x,yd,p, nx,a);
     576     3575193 :     lz = (a>nx)? ny+2: lg(x)+d;
     577   132058374 :     x += 2; while (xd > x) *--zd = *--xd;
     578             :   }
     579    60051102 :   while (yd > y) *--zd = *--yd;
     580     3660289 :   *--zd = vs;
     581     3660289 :   *--zd = evaltyp(t_VECSMALL) | evallg(lz); return zd;
     582             : }
     583             : 
     584             : /* shift polynomial + gerepile */
     585             : /* Do not set evalvarn*/
     586             : static GEN
     587   632475115 : Flx_shiftip(pari_sp av, GEN x, long v)
     588             : {
     589   632475115 :   long i, lx = lg(x), ly;
     590             :   GEN y;
     591   632475115 :   if (!v || lx==2) return gerepileuptoleaf(av, x);
     592   174002502 :   ly = lx + v; /* result length */
     593   174002502 :   (void)new_chunk(ly); /* check that result fits */
     594   173919811 :   x += lx; y = (GEN)av;
     595  1231976568 :   for (i = 2; i<lx; i++) *--y = *--x;
     596   701055006 :   for (i = 0; i< v; i++) *--y = 0;
     597   173919811 :   y -= 2; y[0] = evaltyp(t_VECSMALL) | evallg(ly);
     598   174041806 :   return gc_const((pari_sp)y, y);
     599             : }
     600             : 
     601             : static long
     602  2314163071 : get_Fl_threshold(ulong p, long mul, long mul2)
     603             : {
     604  2314163071 :   return SMALL_ULONG(p) ? mul: mul2;
     605             : }
     606             : 
     607             : #define BITS_IN_QUARTULONG (BITS_IN_HALFULONG >> 1)
     608             : #define QUARTMASK ((1UL<<BITS_IN_QUARTULONG)-1UL)
     609             : #define LLQUARTWORD(x) ((x) & QUARTMASK)
     610             : #define HLQUARTWORD(x) (((x) >> BITS_IN_QUARTULONG) & QUARTMASK)
     611             : #define LHQUARTWORD(x) (((x) >> (2*BITS_IN_QUARTULONG)) & QUARTMASK)
     612             : #define HHQUARTWORD(x) (((x) >> (3*BITS_IN_QUARTULONG)) & QUARTMASK)
     613             : INLINE long
     614     8325625 : maxbitcoeffpol(ulong p, long n)
     615             : {
     616     8325625 :   GEN z = muliu(sqru(p - 1), n);
     617     8322503 :   long b = expi(z) + 1;
     618             :   /* only do expensive bit-packing if it saves at least 1 limb */
     619     8323415 :   if (b <= BITS_IN_QUARTULONG)
     620             :   {
     621      873073 :     if (nbits2nlong(n*b) == (n + 3)>>2)
     622      107334 :       b = BITS_IN_QUARTULONG;
     623             :   }
     624     7450342 :   else if (b <= BITS_IN_HALFULONG)
     625             :   {
     626     1542941 :     if (nbits2nlong(n*b) == (n + 1)>>1)
     627        5590 :       b = BITS_IN_HALFULONG;
     628             :   }
     629             :   else
     630             :   {
     631     5907401 :     long l = lgefint(z) - 2;
     632     5907401 :     if (nbits2nlong(n*b) == n*l)
     633      307364 :       b = l*BITS_IN_LONG;
     634             :   }
     635     8323342 :   return b;
     636             : }
     637             : 
     638             : INLINE ulong
     639  3397725697 : Flx_mullimb_ok(GEN x, GEN y, ulong p, long a, long b)
     640             : { /* Assume OK_ULONG*/
     641  3397725697 :   ulong p1 = 0;
     642             :   long i;
     643 16050628144 :   for (i=a; i<b; i++)
     644 12652902447 :     if (y[i])
     645             :     {
     646 10634244065 :       p1 += y[i] * x[-i];
     647 10634244065 :       if (p1 & HIGHBIT) p1 %= p;
     648             :     }
     649  3397725697 :   return p1 % p;
     650             : }
     651             : 
     652             : INLINE ulong
     653  1150167431 : Flx_mullimb(GEN x, GEN y, ulong p, ulong pi, long a, long b)
     654             : {
     655  1150167431 :   ulong p1 = 0;
     656             :   long i;
     657  3620092361 :   for (i=a; i<b; i++)
     658  2469186468 :     if (y[i])
     659  2444470277 :       p1 = Fl_addmul_pre(p1, y[i], x[-i], p, pi);
     660  1150905893 :   return p1;
     661             : }
     662             : 
     663             : /* assume nx >= ny > 0 */
     664             : static GEN
     665   342829225 : Flx_mulspec_basecase(GEN x, GEN y, ulong p, ulong pi, long nx, long ny)
     666             : {
     667             :   long i,lz,nz;
     668             :   GEN z;
     669             : 
     670   342829225 :   lz = nx+ny+1; nz = lz-2;
     671   342829225 :   z = cgetg(lz, t_VECSMALL) + 2; /* x:y:z [i] = term of degree i */
     672   342621937 :   if (!pi)
     673             :   {
     674  1147973990 :     for (i=0; i<ny; i++)z[i] = Flx_mullimb_ok(x+i,y,p,0,i+1);
     675   728693658 :     for (  ; i<nx; i++) z[i] = Flx_mullimb_ok(x+i,y,p,0,ny);
     676   894626759 :     for (  ; i<nz; i++) z[i] = Flx_mullimb_ok(x+i,y,p,i-nx+1,ny);
     677             :   }
     678             :   else
     679             :   {
     680   306940798 :     for (i=0; i<ny; i++)z[i] = Flx_mullimb(x+i,y,p,pi,0,i+1);
     681   213571909 :     for (  ; i<nx; i++) z[i] = Flx_mullimb(x+i,y,p,pi,0,ny);
     682   218809334 :     for (  ; i<nz; i++) z[i] = Flx_mullimb(x+i,y,p,pi,i-nx+1,ny);
     683             :   }
     684   342664896 :   z -= 2; return Flx_renormalize(z, lz);
     685             : }
     686             : 
     687             : static GEN
     688       12302 : int_to_Flx(GEN z, ulong p)
     689             : {
     690       12302 :   long i, l = lgefint(z);
     691       12302 :   GEN x = cgetg(l, t_VECSMALL);
     692     1060268 :   for (i=2; i<l; i++) x[i] = uel(z,i)%p;
     693       12300 :   return Flx_renormalize(x, l);
     694             : }
     695             : 
     696             : INLINE GEN
     697       10035 : Flx_mulspec_mulii(GEN a, GEN b, ulong p, long na, long nb)
     698             : {
     699       10035 :   GEN z=muliispec(a,b,na,nb);
     700       10038 :   return int_to_Flx(z,p);
     701             : }
     702             : 
     703             : static GEN
     704      469541 : Flx_to_int_halfspec(GEN a, long na)
     705             : {
     706             :   long j;
     707      469541 :   long n = (na+1)>>1UL;
     708      469541 :   GEN V = cgetipos(2+n);
     709             :   GEN w;
     710     1378926 :   for (w = int_LSW(V), j=0; j+1<na; j+=2, w=int_nextW(w))
     711      909385 :     *w = a[j]|(a[j+1]<<BITS_IN_HALFULONG);
     712      469541 :   if (j<na)
     713      319481 :     *w = a[j];
     714      469541 :   return V;
     715             : }
     716             : 
     717             : static GEN
     718      506363 : int_to_Flx_half(GEN z, ulong p)
     719             : {
     720             :   long i;
     721      506363 :   long lx = (lgefint(z)-2)*2+2;
     722      506363 :   GEN w, x = cgetg(lx, t_VECSMALL);
     723     1909850 :   for (w = int_LSW(z), i=2; i<lx; i+=2, w=int_nextW(w))
     724             :   {
     725     1403487 :     x[i]   = LOWWORD((ulong)*w)%p;
     726     1403487 :     x[i+1] = HIGHWORD((ulong)*w)%p;
     727             :   }
     728      506363 :   return Flx_renormalize(x, lx);
     729             : }
     730             : 
     731             : static GEN
     732        5454 : Flx_mulspec_halfmulii(GEN a, GEN b, ulong p, long na, long nb)
     733             : {
     734        5454 :   GEN A = Flx_to_int_halfspec(a,na);
     735        5454 :   GEN B = Flx_to_int_halfspec(b,nb);
     736        5454 :   GEN z = mulii(A,B);
     737        5454 :   return int_to_Flx_half(z,p);
     738             : }
     739             : 
     740             : static GEN
     741      204445 : Flx_to_int_quartspec(GEN a, long na)
     742             : {
     743             :   long j;
     744      204445 :   long n = (na+3)>>2UL;
     745      204445 :   GEN V = cgetipos(2+n);
     746             :   GEN w;
     747     4377353 :   for (w = int_LSW(V), j=0; j+3<na; j+=4, w=int_nextW(w))
     748     4172902 :     *w = a[j]|(a[j+1]<<BITS_IN_QUARTULONG)|(a[j+2]<<(2*BITS_IN_QUARTULONG))|(a[j+3]<<(3*BITS_IN_QUARTULONG));
     749      204451 :   switch (na-j)
     750             :   {
     751      116392 :   case 3:
     752      116392 :     *w = a[j]|(a[j+1]<<BITS_IN_QUARTULONG)|(a[j+2]<<(2*BITS_IN_QUARTULONG));
     753      116392 :     break;
     754       34458 :   case 2:
     755       34458 :     *w = a[j]|(a[j+1]<<BITS_IN_QUARTULONG);
     756       34458 :     break;
     757       27256 :   case 1:
     758       27256 :     *w = a[j];
     759       27256 :     break;
     760       26347 :   case 0:
     761       26347 :     break;
     762             :   }
     763      204451 :   return V;
     764             : }
     765             : 
     766             : static GEN
     767      107337 : int_to_Flx_quart(GEN z, ulong p)
     768             : {
     769             :   long i;
     770      107337 :   long lx = (lgefint(z)-2)*4+2;
     771      107337 :   GEN w, x = cgetg(lx, t_VECSMALL);
     772     4873512 :   for (w = int_LSW(z), i=2; i<lx; i+=4, w=int_nextW(w))
     773             :   {
     774     4766175 :     x[i]   = LLQUARTWORD((ulong)*w)%p;
     775     4766175 :     x[i+1] = HLQUARTWORD((ulong)*w)%p;
     776     4766175 :     x[i+2] = LHQUARTWORD((ulong)*w)%p;
     777     4766175 :     x[i+3] = HHQUARTWORD((ulong)*w)%p;
     778             :   }
     779      107337 :   return Flx_renormalize(x, lx);
     780             : }
     781             : 
     782             : static GEN
     783       97113 : Flx_mulspec_quartmulii(GEN a, GEN b, ulong p, long na, long nb)
     784             : {
     785       97113 :   GEN A = Flx_to_int_quartspec(a,na);
     786       97116 :   GEN B = Flx_to_int_quartspec(b,nb);
     787       97116 :   GEN z = mulii(A,B);
     788       97116 :   return int_to_Flx_quart(z,p);
     789             : }
     790             : 
     791             : /*Eval x in 2^(k*BIL) in linear time, k==2 or 3*/
     792             : static GEN
     793      582018 : Flx_eval2BILspec(GEN x, long k, long l)
     794             : {
     795      582018 :   long i, lz = k*l, ki;
     796      582018 :   GEN pz = cgetipos(2+lz);
     797    16364136 :   for (i=0; i < lz; i++)
     798    15782118 :     *int_W(pz,i) = 0UL;
     799     8473077 :   for (i=0, ki=0; i<l; i++, ki+=k)
     800     7891059 :     *int_W(pz,ki) = x[i];
     801      582018 :   return int_normalize(pz,0);
     802             : }
     803             : 
     804             : static GEN
     805      297995 : Z_mod2BIL_Flx_2(GEN x, long d, ulong p)
     806             : {
     807      297995 :   long i, offset, lm = lgefint(x)-2, l = d+3;
     808      297995 :   ulong pi = get_Fl_red(p);
     809      297995 :   GEN pol = cgetg(l, t_VECSMALL);
     810      297995 :   pol[1] = 0;
     811     8007611 :   for (i=0, offset=0; offset+1 < lm; i++, offset += 2)
     812     7709616 :     pol[i+2] = remll_pre(*int_W(x,offset+1), *int_W(x,offset), p, pi);
     813      297995 :   if (offset < lm)
     814      225030 :     pol[i+2] = (*int_W(x,offset)) % p;
     815      297995 :   return Flx_renormalize(pol,l);
     816             : }
     817             : 
     818             : static GEN
     819           0 : Z_mod2BIL_Flx_3(GEN x, long d, ulong p)
     820             : {
     821           0 :   long i, offset, lm = lgefint(x)-2, l = d+3;
     822           0 :   ulong pi = get_Fl_red(p);
     823           0 :   GEN pol = cgetg(l, t_VECSMALL);
     824           0 :   pol[1] = 0;
     825           0 :   for (i=0, offset=0; offset+2 < lm; i++, offset += 3)
     826           0 :     pol[i+2] = remlll_pre(*int_W(x,offset+2), *int_W(x,offset+1),
     827           0 :                           *int_W(x,offset), p, pi);
     828           0 :   if (offset+1 < lm)
     829           0 :     pol[i+2] = remll_pre(*int_W(x,offset+1), *int_W(x,offset), p, pi);
     830           0 :   else if (offset < lm)
     831           0 :     pol[i+2] = (*int_W(x,offset)) % p;
     832           0 :   return Flx_renormalize(pol,l);
     833             : }
     834             : 
     835             : static GEN
     836      295065 : Z_mod2BIL_Flx(GEN x, long bs, long d, ulong p)
     837             : {
     838      295065 :   return bs==2 ? Z_mod2BIL_Flx_2(x, d, p): Z_mod2BIL_Flx_3(x, d, p);
     839             : }
     840             : 
     841             : static GEN
     842      283564 : Flx_mulspec_mulii_inflate(GEN x, GEN y, long N, ulong p, long nx, long ny)
     843             : {
     844      283564 :   pari_sp av = avma;
     845      283564 :   GEN z = mulii(Flx_eval2BILspec(x,N,nx), Flx_eval2BILspec(y,N,ny));
     846      283564 :   return gerepileupto(av, Z_mod2BIL_Flx(z, N, nx+ny-2, p));
     847             : }
     848             : 
     849             : static GEN
     850    20708283 : kron_pack_Flx_spec_bits(GEN x, long b, long l) {
     851             :   GEN y;
     852             :   long i;
     853    20708283 :   if (l == 0)
     854     3427632 :     return gen_0;
     855    17280651 :   y = cgetg(l + 1, t_VECSMALL);
     856   811614120 :   for(i = 1; i <= l; i++)
     857   794333252 :     y[i] = x[l - i];
     858    17280868 :   return nv_fromdigits_2k(y, b);
     859             : }
     860             : 
     861             : /* assume b < BITS_IN_LONG */
     862             : static GEN
     863     5638360 : kron_unpack_Flx_bits_narrow(GEN z, long b, ulong p) {
     864     5638360 :   GEN v = binary_2k_nv(z, b), x;
     865     5638391 :   long i, l = lg(v) + 1;
     866     5638391 :   x = cgetg(l, t_VECSMALL);
     867   619850336 :   for (i = 2; i < l; i++)
     868   614211854 :     x[i] = v[l - i] % p;
     869     5638482 :   return Flx_renormalize(x, l);
     870             : }
     871             : 
     872             : static GEN
     873     5541193 : kron_unpack_Flx_bits_wide(GEN z, long b, ulong p, ulong pi) {
     874     5541193 :   GEN v = binary_2k(z, b), x, y;
     875     5539894 :   long i, l = lg(v) + 1, ly;
     876     5539894 :   x = cgetg(l, t_VECSMALL);
     877   234965615 :   for (i = 2; i < l; i++) {
     878   229425401 :     y = gel(v, l - i);
     879   229425401 :     ly = lgefint(y);
     880   229425401 :     switch (ly) {
     881     6286234 :     case 2: x[i] = 0; break;
     882    29271178 :     case 3: x[i] = *int_W_lg(y, 0, ly) % p; break;
     883   177992559 :     case 4: x[i] = remll_pre(*int_W_lg(y, 1, ly), *int_W_lg(y, 0, ly), p, pi); break;
     884    31750964 :     case 5: x[i] = remlll_pre(*int_W_lg(y, 2, ly), *int_W_lg(y, 1, ly),
     885    15875430 :                               *int_W_lg(y, 0, ly), p, pi); break;
     886           0 :     default: x[i] = umodiu(gel(v, l - i), p);
     887             :     }
     888             :   }
     889     5540214 :   return Flx_renormalize(x, l);
     890             : }
     891             : 
     892             : static GEN
     893     7218432 : Flx_mulspec_Kronecker(GEN A, GEN B, long b, ulong p, long lA, long lB)
     894             : {
     895             :   GEN C, D;
     896     7218432 :   pari_sp av = avma;
     897     7218432 :   A =  kron_pack_Flx_spec_bits(A, b, lA);
     898     7223216 :   B =  kron_pack_Flx_spec_bits(B, b, lB);
     899     7223249 :   C = gerepileuptoint(av, mulii(A, B));
     900     7223093 :   if (b < BITS_IN_LONG)
     901     2056710 :     D =  kron_unpack_Flx_bits_narrow(C, b, p);
     902             :   else
     903             :   {
     904     5166383 :     ulong pi = get_Fl_red(p);
     905     5166060 :     D = kron_unpack_Flx_bits_wide(C, b, p, pi);
     906             :   }
     907     7222467 :   return D;
     908             : }
     909             : 
     910             : static GEN
     911      683728 : Flx_sqrspec_Kronecker(GEN A, long b, ulong p, long lA)
     912             : {
     913             :   GEN C, D;
     914      683728 :   A =  kron_pack_Flx_spec_bits(A, b, lA);
     915      683793 :   C = sqri(A);
     916      683807 :   if (b < BITS_IN_LONG)
     917      475651 :     D =  kron_unpack_Flx_bits_narrow(C, b, p);
     918             :   else
     919             :   {
     920      208156 :     ulong pi = get_Fl_red(p);
     921      208154 :     D = kron_unpack_Flx_bits_wide(C, b, p, pi);
     922             :   }
     923      683795 :   return D;
     924             : }
     925             : 
     926             : /* fast product (Karatsuba) of polynomials a,b. These are not real GENs, a+2,
     927             :  * b+2 were sent instead. na, nb = number of terms of a, b.
     928             :  * Only c, c0, c1, c2 are genuine GEN.
     929             :  */
     930             : static GEN
     931   380140706 : Flx_mulspec(GEN a, GEN b, ulong p, ulong pi, long na, long nb)
     932             : {
     933             :   GEN a0,c,c0;
     934   380140706 :   long n0, n0a, i, v = 0;
     935             :   pari_sp av;
     936             : 
     937   484391921 :   while (na && !a[0]) { a++; na--; v++; }
     938   564800113 :   while (nb && !b[0]) { b++; nb--; v++; }
     939   380140706 :   if (na < nb) swapspec(a,b, na,nb);
     940   380140706 :   if (!nb) return pol0_Flx(0);
     941             : 
     942   352002476 :   av = avma;
     943   352002476 :   if (nb >= get_Fl_threshold(p, Flx_MUL_MULII_LIMIT, Flx_MUL2_MULII_LIMIT))
     944             :   {
     945     7618227 :     long m = maxbitcoeffpol(p,nb);
     946     7614275 :     switch (m)
     947             :     {
     948       97113 :     case BITS_IN_QUARTULONG:
     949       97113 :       return Flx_shiftip(av,Flx_mulspec_quartmulii(a,b,p,na,nb), v);
     950        5454 :     case BITS_IN_HALFULONG:
     951        5454 :       return Flx_shiftip(av,Flx_mulspec_halfmulii(a,b,p,na,nb), v);
     952       10035 :     case BITS_IN_LONG:
     953       10035 :       return Flx_shiftip(av,Flx_mulspec_mulii(a,b,p,na,nb), v);
     954      283564 :     case 2*BITS_IN_LONG:
     955      283564 :       return Flx_shiftip(av,Flx_mulspec_mulii_inflate(a,b,2,p,na,nb), v);
     956           0 :     case 3*BITS_IN_LONG:
     957           0 :       return Flx_shiftip(av,Flx_mulspec_mulii_inflate(a,b,3,p,na,nb), v);
     958     7218109 :     default:
     959     7218109 :       return Flx_shiftip(av,Flx_mulspec_Kronecker(a,b,m,p,na,nb), v);
     960             :     }
     961             :   }
     962   344587169 :   if (nb < get_Fl_threshold(p, Flx_MUL_KARATSUBA_LIMIT, Flx_MUL2_KARATSUBA_LIMIT))
     963   342797127 :     return Flx_shiftip(av,Flx_mulspec_basecase(a,b,p,pi,na,nb), v);
     964     1800427 :   i=(na>>1); n0=na-i; na=i;
     965     1800427 :   a0=a+n0; n0a=n0;
     966     2566113 :   while (n0a && !a[n0a-1]) n0a--;
     967             : 
     968     1800427 :   if (nb > n0)
     969             :   {
     970             :     GEN b0,c1,c2;
     971             :     long n0b;
     972             : 
     973     1746563 :     nb -= n0; b0 = b+n0; n0b = n0;
     974     2826052 :     while (n0b && !b[n0b-1]) n0b--;
     975     1746563 :     c =  Flx_mulspec(a,b,p,pi,n0a,n0b);
     976     1746563 :     c0 = Flx_mulspec(a0,b0,p,pi,na,nb);
     977             : 
     978     1746563 :     c2 = Flx_addspec(a0,a,p,na,n0a);
     979     1746563 :     c1 = Flx_addspec(b0,b,p,nb,n0b);
     980             : 
     981     1746563 :     c1 = Flx_mul_pre(c1,c2,p,pi);
     982     1746563 :     c2 = Flx_add(c0,c,p);
     983             : 
     984     1746563 :     c2 = Flx_neg_inplace(c2,p);
     985     1746563 :     c2 = Flx_add(c1,c2,p);
     986     1746563 :     c0 = Flx_addshift(c0,c2 ,p, n0);
     987             :   }
     988             :   else
     989             :   {
     990       53864 :     c  = Flx_mulspec(a,b,p,pi,n0a,nb);
     991       53864 :     c0 = Flx_mulspec(a0,b,p,pi,na,nb);
     992             :   }
     993     1800427 :   c0 = Flx_addshift(c0,c,p,n0);
     994     1800427 :   return Flx_shiftip(av,c0, v);
     995             : }
     996             : 
     997             : GEN
     998   374484599 : Flx_mul_pre(GEN x, GEN y, ulong p, ulong pi)
     999             : {
    1000   374484599 :   GEN z = Flx_mulspec(x+2,y+2,p, pi, lgpol(x),lgpol(y));
    1001   374613173 :   z[1] = x[1]; return z;
    1002             : }
    1003             : GEN
    1004    27684160 : Flx_mul(GEN x, GEN y, ulong p)
    1005    27684160 : { return Flx_mul_pre(x, y, p, SMALL_ULONG(p)? 0: get_Fl_red(p)); }
    1006             : 
    1007             : static GEN
    1008   280669312 : Flx_sqrspec_basecase(GEN x, ulong p, ulong pi, long nx)
    1009             : {
    1010             :   long i, lz, nz;
    1011             :   ulong p1;
    1012             :   GEN z;
    1013             : 
    1014   280669312 :   if (!nx) return pol0_Flx(0);
    1015   280669312 :   lz = (nx << 1) + 1, nz = lz-2;
    1016   280669312 :   z = cgetg(lz, t_VECSMALL) + 2;
    1017   280094936 :   if (!pi)
    1018             :   {
    1019   215192949 :     z[0] = x[0]*x[0]%p;
    1020   921117131 :     for (i=1; i<nx; i++)
    1021             :     {
    1022   706108296 :       p1 = Flx_mullimb_ok(x+i,x,p,0, (i+1)>>1);
    1023   705924182 :       p1 <<= 1;
    1024   705924182 :       if ((i&1) == 0) p1 += x[i>>1] * x[i>>1];
    1025   705924182 :       z[i] = p1 % p;
    1026             :     }
    1027   925591729 :     for (  ; i<nz; i++)
    1028             :     {
    1029   709878516 :       p1 = Flx_mullimb_ok(x+i,x,p,i-nx+1, (i+1)>>1);
    1030   710582894 :       p1 <<= 1;
    1031   710582894 :       if ((i&1) == 0) p1 += x[i>>1] * x[i>>1];
    1032   710582894 :       z[i] = p1 % p;
    1033             :     }
    1034             :   }
    1035             :   else
    1036             :   {
    1037    64901987 :     z[0] = Fl_sqr_pre(x[0], p, pi);
    1038   408611186 :     for (i=1; i<nx; i++)
    1039             :     {
    1040   343709799 :       p1 = Flx_mullimb(x+i,x,p,pi,0, (i+1)>>1);
    1041   344315369 :       p1 = Fl_add(p1, p1, p);
    1042   343864393 :       if ((i&1) == 0) p1 = Fl_add(p1, Fl_sqr_pre(x[i>>1], p, pi), p);
    1043   343562165 :       z[i] = p1;
    1044             :     }
    1045   408868109 :     for (  ; i<nz; i++)
    1046             :     {
    1047   343813690 :       p1 = Flx_mullimb(x+i,x,p,pi,i-nx+1, (i+1)>>1);
    1048   344739634 :       p1 = Fl_add(p1, p1, p);
    1049   344344936 :       if ((i&1) == 0) p1 = Fl_add(p1, Fl_sqr_pre(x[i>>1], p, pi), p);
    1050   343966722 :       z[i] = p1;
    1051             :     }
    1052             :   }
    1053   280767632 :   z -= 2; return Flx_renormalize(z, lz);
    1054             : }
    1055             : 
    1056             : static GEN
    1057        2264 : Flx_sqrspec_sqri(GEN a, ulong p, long na)
    1058             : {
    1059        2264 :   GEN z=sqrispec(a,na);
    1060        2264 :   return int_to_Flx(z,p);
    1061             : }
    1062             : 
    1063             : static GEN
    1064         136 : Flx_sqrspec_halfsqri(GEN a, ulong p, long na)
    1065             : {
    1066         136 :   GEN z = sqri(Flx_to_int_halfspec(a,na));
    1067         136 :   return int_to_Flx_half(z,p);
    1068             : }
    1069             : 
    1070             : static GEN
    1071       10221 : Flx_sqrspec_quartsqri(GEN a, ulong p, long na)
    1072             : {
    1073       10221 :   GEN z = sqri(Flx_to_int_quartspec(a,na));
    1074       10221 :   return int_to_Flx_quart(z,p);
    1075             : }
    1076             : 
    1077             : static GEN
    1078       11501 : Flx_sqrspec_sqri_inflate(GEN x, long N, ulong p, long nx)
    1079             : {
    1080       11501 :   pari_sp av = avma;
    1081       11501 :   GEN  z = sqri(Flx_eval2BILspec(x,N,nx));
    1082       11501 :   return gerepileupto(av, Z_mod2BIL_Flx(z, N, (nx-1)*2, p));
    1083             : }
    1084             : 
    1085             : static GEN
    1086   281049983 : Flx_sqrspec(GEN a, ulong p, ulong pi, long na)
    1087             : {
    1088             :   GEN a0, c, c0;
    1089   281049983 :   long n0, n0a, i, v = 0, m;
    1090             :   pari_sp av;
    1091             : 
    1092   402063175 :   while (na && !a[0]) { a++; na--; v += 2; }
    1093   281049983 :   if (!na) return pol0_Flx(0);
    1094             : 
    1095   280804652 :   av = avma;
    1096   280804652 :   if (na >= get_Fl_threshold(p, Flx_SQR_SQRI_LIMIT, Flx_SQR2_SQRI_LIMIT))
    1097             :   {
    1098      707851 :     m = maxbitcoeffpol(p,na);
    1099      707847 :     switch(m)
    1100             :     {
    1101       10221 :     case BITS_IN_QUARTULONG:
    1102       10221 :       return Flx_shiftip(av, Flx_sqrspec_quartsqri(a,p,na), v);
    1103         136 :     case BITS_IN_HALFULONG:
    1104         136 :       return Flx_shiftip(av, Flx_sqrspec_halfsqri(a,p,na), v);
    1105        2264 :     case BITS_IN_LONG:
    1106        2264 :       return Flx_shiftip(av, Flx_sqrspec_sqri(a,p,na), v);
    1107       11501 :     case 2*BITS_IN_LONG:
    1108       11501 :       return Flx_shiftip(av, Flx_sqrspec_sqri_inflate(a,2,p,na), v);
    1109           0 :     case 3*BITS_IN_LONG:
    1110           0 :       return Flx_shiftip(av, Flx_sqrspec_sqri_inflate(a,3,p,na), v);
    1111      683725 :     default:
    1112      683725 :       return Flx_shiftip(av, Flx_sqrspec_Kronecker(a,m,p,na), v);
    1113             :     }
    1114             :   }
    1115   280480419 :   if (na < get_Fl_threshold(p, Flx_SQR_KARATSUBA_LIMIT, Flx_SQR2_KARATSUBA_LIMIT))
    1116   280411180 :     return Flx_shiftip(av, Flx_sqrspec_basecase(a,p,pi,na), v);
    1117       57585 :   i=(na>>1); n0=na-i; na=i;
    1118       57585 :   a0=a+n0; n0a=n0;
    1119       72314 :   while (n0a && !a[n0a-1]) n0a--;
    1120             : 
    1121       57585 :   c = Flx_sqrspec(a,p,pi,n0a);
    1122       57585 :   c0= Flx_sqrspec(a0,p,pi,na);
    1123       57585 :   if (p == 2) n0 *= 2;
    1124             :   else
    1125             :   {
    1126       57566 :     GEN c1, t = Flx_addspec(a0,a,p,na,n0a);
    1127       57566 :     t = Flx_sqr_pre(t,p,pi);
    1128       57566 :     c1= Flx_add(c0,c, p);
    1129       57566 :     c1= Flx_sub(t, c1, p);
    1130       57566 :     c0 = Flx_addshift(c0,c1,p,n0);
    1131             :   }
    1132       57585 :   c0 = Flx_addshift(c0,c,p,n0);
    1133       57585 :   return Flx_shiftip(av,c0,v);
    1134             : }
    1135             : 
    1136             : GEN
    1137   280730510 : Flx_sqr_pre(GEN x, ulong p, ulong pi)
    1138             : {
    1139   280730510 :   GEN z = Flx_sqrspec(x+2,p, pi, lgpol(x));
    1140   281946840 :   z[1] = x[1]; return z;
    1141             : }
    1142             : GEN
    1143      356206 : Flx_sqr(GEN x, ulong p)
    1144      356206 : { return Flx_sqr_pre(x, p, SMALL_ULONG(p)? 0: get_Fl_red(p)); }
    1145             : 
    1146             : GEN
    1147        7782 : Flx_powu_pre(GEN x, ulong n, ulong p, ulong pi)
    1148             : {
    1149        7782 :   GEN y = pol1_Flx(x[1]), z;
    1150             :   ulong m;
    1151        7780 :   if (n == 0) return y;
    1152        7780 :   m = n; z = x;
    1153             :   for (;;)
    1154             :   {
    1155       30017 :     if (m&1UL) y = Flx_mul_pre(y,z, p, pi);
    1156       30015 :     m >>= 1; if (!m) return y;
    1157       22236 :     z = Flx_sqr_pre(z, p, pi);
    1158             :   }
    1159             : }
    1160             : GEN
    1161           0 : Flx_powu(GEN x, ulong n, ulong p)
    1162             : {
    1163           0 :   if (n == 0) return pol1_Flx(x[1]);
    1164           0 :   return Flx_powu_pre(x, n, p, SMALL_ULONG(p)? 0: get_Fl_red(p));
    1165             : }
    1166             : 
    1167             : GEN
    1168       14222 : Flx_halve(GEN y, ulong p)
    1169             : {
    1170             :   GEN z;
    1171             :   long i, l;
    1172       14222 :   z = cgetg_copy(y, &l); z[1] = y[1];
    1173       59732 :   for(i=2; i<l; i++) uel(z,i) = Fl_halve(uel(y,i), p);
    1174       14222 :   return z;
    1175             : }
    1176             : 
    1177             : static GEN
    1178     7123826 : Flx_recipspec(GEN x, long l, long n)
    1179             : {
    1180             :   long i;
    1181     7123826 :   GEN z=cgetg(n+2,t_VECSMALL)+2;
    1182   115397194 :   for(i=0; i<l; i++)
    1183   108274809 :     z[n-i-1] = x[i];
    1184    15590720 :   for(   ; i<n; i++)
    1185     8468335 :     z[n-i-1] = 0;
    1186     7122385 :   return Flx_renormalize(z-2,n+2);
    1187             : }
    1188             : 
    1189             : GEN
    1190           0 : Flx_recip(GEN x)
    1191             : {
    1192           0 :   GEN z=Flx_recipspec(x+2,lgpol(x),lgpol(x));
    1193           0 :   z[1]=x[1];
    1194           0 :   return z;
    1195             : }
    1196             : 
    1197             : /* Return P(x * h) */
    1198             : GEN
    1199           0 : Flx_unscale(GEN P, ulong h, ulong p)
    1200             : {
    1201             :   long i, l;
    1202           0 :   ulong hi = 1UL;
    1203           0 :   GEN Q = cgetg_copy(P, &l);
    1204           0 :   Q[1] = P[1];
    1205           0 :   if (l == 2) return Q;
    1206           0 :   uel(Q,2) = uel(P,2);
    1207           0 :   for (i=3; i<l; i++)
    1208             :   {
    1209           0 :     hi = Fl_mul(hi, h ,p);
    1210           0 :     uel(Q,i) = Fl_mul(uel(P,i), hi, p);
    1211             :   }
    1212           0 :   return Q;
    1213             : }
    1214             : /* Return h^degpol(P) P(x / h) */
    1215             : GEN
    1216        1117 : Flx_rescale(GEN P, ulong h, ulong p)
    1217             : {
    1218        1117 :   long i, l = lg(P);
    1219        1117 :   GEN Q = cgetg(l,t_VECSMALL);
    1220        1117 :   ulong hi = h;
    1221        1117 :   Q[l-1] = P[l-1];
    1222       12538 :   for (i=l-2; i>=2; i--)
    1223             :   {
    1224       12538 :     Q[i] = Fl_mul(P[i], hi, p);
    1225       12538 :     if (i == 2) break;
    1226       11421 :     hi = Fl_mul(hi,h, p);
    1227             :   }
    1228        1117 :   Q[1] = P[1]; return Q;
    1229             : }
    1230             : 
    1231             : /* x/polrecip(P)+O(x^n); allow pi = 0 */
    1232             : static GEN
    1233      134232 : Flx_invBarrett_basecase(GEN T, ulong p, ulong pi)
    1234             : {
    1235      134232 :   long i, l=lg(T)-1, lr=l-1, k;
    1236      134232 :   GEN r=cgetg(lr,t_VECSMALL); r[1] = T[1];
    1237      134232 :   r[2] = 1;
    1238      134232 :   if (!pi)
    1239      764068 :     for (i=3;i<lr;i++)
    1240             :     {
    1241      757076 :       ulong u = uel(T, l-i+2);
    1242    45377003 :       for (k=3; k<i; k++)
    1243    44619927 :         { u += uel(T,l-i+k) * uel(r, k); if (u & HIGHBIT) u %= p; }
    1244      757076 :       r[i] = Fl_neg(u % p, p);
    1245             :     }
    1246             :   else
    1247     2109689 :     for (i=3;i<lr;i++)
    1248             :     {
    1249     1982449 :       ulong u = Fl_neg(uel(T,l-i+2), p);
    1250    59521950 :       for (k=3; k<i; k++)
    1251             :       {
    1252    57539501 :         ulong t = Fl_neg(uel(T,l-i+k), p);
    1253    57539497 :         u = Fl_addmul_pre(u, t, uel(r,k), p, pi);
    1254             :       }
    1255     1982449 :       r[i] = u;
    1256             :     }
    1257      134232 :   return Flx_renormalize(r,lr);
    1258             : }
    1259             : 
    1260             : /* Return new lgpol */
    1261             : static long
    1262     2129130 : Flx_lgrenormalizespec(GEN x, long lx)
    1263             : {
    1264             :   long i;
    1265     7433231 :   for (i = lx-1; i>=0; i--)
    1266     7432408 :     if (x[i]) break;
    1267     2129130 :   return i+1;
    1268             : }
    1269             : /* allow pi = 0 */
    1270             : static GEN
    1271       23114 : Flx_invBarrett_Newton(GEN T, ulong p, ulong pi)
    1272             : {
    1273       23114 :   long nold, lx, lz, lq, l = degpol(T), lQ;
    1274       23114 :   GEN q, y, z, x = zero_zv(l+1) + 2;
    1275       23114 :   ulong mask = quadratic_prec_mask(l-2); /* assume l > 2 */
    1276             :   pari_sp av;
    1277             : 
    1278       23114 :   y = T+2;
    1279       23114 :   q = Flx_recipspec(y,l+1,l+1); lQ = lgpol(q); q+=2;
    1280       23114 :   av = avma;
    1281             :   /* We work on _spec_ Flx's, all the l[xzq12] below are lgpol's */
    1282             : 
    1283             :   /* initialize */
    1284       23114 :   x[0] = Fl_inv(q[0], p);
    1285       23114 :   if (lQ>1 && q[1])
    1286        5109 :   {
    1287        5109 :     ulong u = q[1];
    1288        5109 :     if (x[0] != 1) u = Fl_mul(u, Fl_sqr(x[0],p), p);
    1289        5109 :     x[1] = p - u; lx = 2;
    1290             :   }
    1291             :   else
    1292       18005 :     lx = 1;
    1293       23114 :   nold = 1;
    1294      158675 :   for (; mask > 1; set_avma(av))
    1295             :   { /* set x -= x(x*q - 1) + O(t^(nnew + 1)), knowing x*q = 1 + O(t^(nold+1)) */
    1296      135566 :     long i, lnew, nnew = nold << 1;
    1297             : 
    1298      135566 :     if (mask & 1) nnew--;
    1299      135566 :     mask >>= 1;
    1300             : 
    1301      135566 :     lnew = nnew + 1;
    1302      135566 :     lq = Flx_lgrenormalizespec(q, minss(lQ, lnew));
    1303      135577 :     z = Flx_mulspec(x, q, p, pi, lx, lq); /* FIXME: high product */
    1304      135559 :     lz = lgpol(z); if (lz > lnew) lz = lnew;
    1305      135562 :     z += 2;
    1306             :     /* subtract 1 [=>first nold words are 0]: renormalize so that z(0) != 0 */
    1307      290646 :     for (i = nold; i < lz; i++) if (z[i]) break;
    1308      135562 :     nold = nnew;
    1309      135562 :     if (i >= lz) continue; /* z-1 = 0(t^(nnew + 1)) */
    1310             : 
    1311             :     /* z + i represents (x*q - 1) / t^i */
    1312      100752 :     lz = Flx_lgrenormalizespec (z+i, lz-i);
    1313      100753 :     z = Flx_mulspec(x, z+i, p, pi, lx, lz); /* FIXME: low product */
    1314      100751 :     lz = lgpol(z); z += 2;
    1315      100751 :     if (lz > lnew-i) lz = Flx_lgrenormalizespec(z, lnew-i);
    1316             : 
    1317      100751 :     lx = lz+ i;
    1318      100751 :     y  = x + i; /* x -= z * t^i, in place */
    1319      915279 :     for (i = 0; i < lz; i++) y[i] = Fl_neg(z[i], p);
    1320             :   }
    1321       23114 :   x -= 2; setlg(x, lx + 2); x[1] = T[1];
    1322       23113 :   return x;
    1323             : }
    1324             : 
    1325             : /* allow pi = 0 */
    1326             : static GEN
    1327      158659 : Flx_invBarrett_pre(GEN T, ulong p, ulong pi)
    1328             : {
    1329      158659 :   pari_sp ltop = avma;
    1330      158659 :   long l = lgpol(T);
    1331             :   GEN r;
    1332      158659 :   if (l < 3) return pol0_Flx(T[1]);
    1333      157347 :   if (l < get_Fl_threshold(p, Flx_INVBARRETT_LIMIT, Flx_INVBARRETT2_LIMIT))
    1334             :   {
    1335      134233 :     ulong c = T[l+1];
    1336      134233 :     if (c != 1)
    1337             :     {
    1338       98118 :       ulong ci = Fl_inv(c,p);
    1339       98118 :       T = Flx_Fl_mul_pre(T, ci, p, pi);
    1340       98117 :       r = Flx_invBarrett_basecase(T, p, pi);
    1341       98118 :       r = Flx_Fl_mul_pre(r, ci, p, pi);
    1342             :     }
    1343             :     else
    1344       36115 :       r = Flx_invBarrett_basecase(T, p, pi);
    1345             :   }
    1346             :   else
    1347       23114 :     r = Flx_invBarrett_Newton(T, p, pi);
    1348      157345 :   return gerepileuptoleaf(ltop, r);
    1349             : }
    1350             : GEN
    1351           0 : Flx_invBarrett(GEN T, ulong p)
    1352           0 : { return Flx_invBarrett_pre(T, p, SMALL_ULONG(p)? 0: get_Fl_red(p)); }
    1353             : 
    1354             : /* allow pi = 0 */
    1355             : GEN
    1356    98953568 : Flx_get_red_pre(GEN T, ulong p, ulong pi)
    1357             : {
    1358    98953568 :   if (typ(T)!=t_VECSMALL
    1359    98915575 :     || lgpol(T) < get_Fl_threshold(p, Flx_BARRETT_LIMIT,
    1360             :                                        Flx_BARRETT2_LIMIT))
    1361    98935855 :     return T;
    1362        7610 :   retmkvec2(Flx_invBarrett_pre(T, p, pi),T);
    1363             : }
    1364             : GEN
    1365    14256522 : Flx_get_red(GEN T, ulong p)
    1366             : {
    1367    14256522 :   if (typ(T)!=t_VECSMALL
    1368    14256423 :     || lgpol(T) < get_Fl_threshold(p, Flx_BARRETT_LIMIT,
    1369             :                                        Flx_BARRETT2_LIMIT))
    1370    14250860 :     return T;
    1371        5194 :   retmkvec2(Flx_invBarrett_pre(T, p, SMALL_ULONG(p)? 0: get_Fl_red(p)),T);
    1372             : }
    1373             : 
    1374             : /* separate from Flx_divrem for maximal speed. */
    1375             : static GEN
    1376   792612676 : Flx_rem_basecase(GEN x, GEN y, ulong p, ulong pi)
    1377             : {
    1378             :   pari_sp av;
    1379             :   GEN z, c;
    1380             :   long dx,dy,dy1,dz,i,j;
    1381             :   ulong p1,inv;
    1382   792612676 :   long vs=x[1];
    1383             : 
    1384   792612676 :   dy = degpol(y); if (!dy) return pol0_Flx(x[1]);
    1385   757381846 :   dx = degpol(x);
    1386   757262283 :   dz = dx-dy; if (dz < 0) return Flx_copy(x);
    1387   757262283 :   x += 2; y += 2;
    1388   757262283 :   inv = y[dy];
    1389   757262283 :   if (inv != 1UL) inv = Fl_inv(inv,p);
    1390   911587648 :   for (dy1=dy-1; dy1>=0 && !y[dy1]; dy1--);
    1391             : 
    1392   758553556 :   c = cgetg(dy+3, t_VECSMALL); c[1]=vs; c += 2; av=avma;
    1393   757253653 :   z = cgetg(dz+3, t_VECSMALL); z[1]=vs; z += 2;
    1394             : 
    1395   755689431 :   if (!pi)
    1396             :   {
    1397   483686977 :     z[dz] = (inv*x[dx]) % p;
    1398  1815220020 :     for (i=dx-1; i>=dy; --i)
    1399             :     {
    1400  1331533043 :       p1 = p - x[i]; /* compute -p1 instead of p1 (pb with ulongs otherwise) */
    1401 10497250808 :       for (j=i-dy1; j<=i && j<=dz; j++)
    1402             :       {
    1403  9165717765 :         p1 += z[j]*y[i-j];
    1404  9165717765 :         if (p1 & HIGHBIT) p1 %= p;
    1405             :       }
    1406  1331533043 :       p1 %= p;
    1407  1331533043 :       z[i-dy] = p1? ((p - p1)*inv) % p: 0;
    1408             :     }
    1409  3301016742 :     for (i=0; i<dy; i++)
    1410             :     {
    1411  2817678036 :       p1 = z[0]*y[i];
    1412 14510800655 :       for (j=maxss(1,i-dy1); j<=i && j<=dz; j++)
    1413             :       {
    1414 11693122619 :         p1 += z[j]*y[i-j];
    1415 11693122619 :         if (p1 & HIGHBIT) p1 %= p;
    1416             :       }
    1417  2817546640 :       c[i] = Fl_sub(x[i], p1%p, p);
    1418             :     }
    1419             :   }
    1420             :   else
    1421             :   {
    1422   272002454 :     z[dz] = Fl_mul_pre(inv, x[dx], p, pi);
    1423   825528891 :     for (i=dx-1; i>=dy; --i)
    1424             :     {
    1425   553408673 :       p1 = p - x[i]; /* compute -p1 instead of p1 (pb with ulongs otherwise) */
    1426  2328209412 :       for (j=i-dy1; j<=i && j<=dz; j++)
    1427  1774763715 :         p1 = Fl_addmul_pre(p1, z[j], y[i - j], p, pi);
    1428   553445697 :       z[i-dy] = p1? Fl_mul_pre(p - p1, inv, p, pi): 0;
    1429             :     }
    1430  2005767739 :     for (i=0; i<dy; i++)
    1431             :     {
    1432  1734628201 :       p1 = Fl_mul_pre(z[0],y[i],p,pi);
    1433  4652787130 :       for (j=maxss(1,i-dy1); j<=i && j<=dz; j++)
    1434  2910044405 :         p1 = Fl_addmul_pre(p1, z[j], y[i - j], p, pi);
    1435  1721622630 :       c[i] = Fl_sub(x[i], p1, p);
    1436             :     }
    1437             :   }
    1438   921546253 :   i = dy-1; while (i>=0 && !c[i]) i--;
    1439   754478244 :   set_avma(av); return Flx_renormalize(c-2, i+3);
    1440             : }
    1441             : 
    1442             : /* as FpX_divrem but working only on ulong types.
    1443             :  * if relevant, *pr is the last object on stack */
    1444             : static GEN
    1445    61917285 : Flx_divrem_basecase(GEN x, GEN y, ulong p, ulong pi, GEN *pr)
    1446             : {
    1447             :   GEN z,q,c;
    1448             :   long dx,dy,dy1,dz,i,j;
    1449             :   ulong p1,inv;
    1450    61917285 :   long sv=x[1];
    1451             : 
    1452    61917285 :   dy = degpol(y);
    1453    61915297 :   if (dy<0) pari_err_INV("Flx_divrem",y);
    1454    61915439 :   if (pr == ONLY_REM) return Flx_rem_basecase(x, y, p, pi);
    1455    61915041 :   if (!dy)
    1456             :   {
    1457     7224845 :     if (pr && pr != ONLY_DIVIDES) *pr = pol0_Flx(sv);
    1458     7224795 :     if (y[2] == 1UL) return Flx_copy(x);
    1459     5211182 :     return Flx_Fl_mul_pre(x, Fl_inv(y[2], p), p, pi);
    1460             :   }
    1461    54690196 :   dx = degpol(x);
    1462    54693656 :   dz = dx-dy;
    1463    54693656 :   if (dz < 0)
    1464             :   {
    1465     1028071 :     q = pol0_Flx(sv);
    1466     1028065 :     if (pr && pr != ONLY_DIVIDES) *pr = Flx_copy(x);
    1467     1028064 :     return q;
    1468             :   }
    1469    53665585 :   x += 2;
    1470    53665585 :   y += 2;
    1471    53665585 :   z = cgetg(dz + 3, t_VECSMALL); z[1] = sv; z += 2;
    1472    53663691 :   inv = uel(y, dy);
    1473    53663691 :   if (inv != 1UL) inv = Fl_inv(inv,p);
    1474    79013842 :   for (dy1=dy-1; dy1>=0 && !y[dy1]; dy1--);
    1475             : 
    1476    53666394 :   if (SMALL_ULONG(p))
    1477             :   {
    1478    51789813 :     z[dz] = (inv*x[dx]) % p;
    1479   131470143 :     for (i=dx-1; i>=dy; --i)
    1480             :     {
    1481    79680330 :       p1 = p - x[i]; /* compute -p1 instead of p1 (pb with ulongs otherwise) */
    1482   257609810 :       for (j=i-dy1; j<=i && j<=dz; j++)
    1483             :       {
    1484   177929480 :         p1 += z[j]*y[i-j];
    1485   177929480 :         if (p1 & HIGHBIT) p1 %= p;
    1486             :       }
    1487    79680330 :       p1 %= p;
    1488    79680330 :       z[i-dy] = p1? (long) ((p - p1)*inv) % p: 0;
    1489             :     }
    1490             :   }
    1491             :   else
    1492             :   {
    1493     1876581 :     z[dz] = Fl_mul(inv, x[dx], p);
    1494     9245198 :     for (i=dx-1; i>=dy; --i)
    1495             :     { /* compute -p1 instead of p1 (pb with ulongs otherwise) */
    1496     7368549 :       p1 = p - uel(x,i);
    1497    26361760 :       for (j=i-dy1; j<=i && j<=dz; j++)
    1498    18993214 :         p1 = Fl_add(p1, Fl_mul(z[j],y[i-j],p), p);
    1499     7368546 :       z[i-dy] = p1? Fl_mul(p - p1, inv, p): 0;
    1500             :     }
    1501             :   }
    1502    53666462 :   q = Flx_renormalize(z-2, dz+3);
    1503    53665434 :   if (!pr) return q;
    1504             : 
    1505    26525668 :   c = cgetg(dy + 3, t_VECSMALL); c[1] = sv; c += 2;
    1506    26527885 :   if (SMALL_ULONG(p))
    1507             :   {
    1508   225704798 :     for (i=0; i<dy; i++)
    1509             :     {
    1510   200813412 :       p1 = (ulong)z[0]*y[i];
    1511   470785473 :       for (j=maxss(1,i-dy1); j<=i && j<=dz; j++)
    1512             :       {
    1513   269972061 :         p1 += (ulong)z[j]*y[i-j];
    1514   269972061 :         if (p1 & HIGHBIT) p1 %= p;
    1515             :       }
    1516   200812975 :       c[i] = Fl_sub(x[i], p1%p, p);
    1517             :     }
    1518             :   }
    1519             :   else
    1520             :   {
    1521    16026429 :     for (i=0; i<dy; i++)
    1522             :     {
    1523    14390718 :       p1 = Fl_mul(z[0],y[i],p);
    1524    50219671 :       for (j=maxss(1,i-dy1); j<=i && j<=dz; j++)
    1525    35828955 :         p1 = Fl_add(p1, Fl_mul(z[j],y[i-j],p), p);
    1526    14390720 :       c[i] = Fl_sub(x[i], p1, p);
    1527             :     }
    1528             :   }
    1529    35664927 :   i=dy-1; while (i>=0 && !c[i]) i--;
    1530    26527097 :   c = Flx_renormalize(c-2, i+3);
    1531    26528045 :   if (pr == ONLY_DIVIDES)
    1532         425 :   { if (lg(c) != 2) return NULL; }
    1533             :   else
    1534    26527620 :     *pr = c;
    1535    26527905 :   return q;
    1536             : }
    1537             : 
    1538             : /* Compute x mod T where 2 <= degpol(T) <= l+1 <= 2*(degpol(T)-1)
    1539             :  * and mg is the Barrett inverse of T. */
    1540             : static GEN
    1541      903842 : Flx_divrem_Barrettspec(GEN x, long l, GEN mg, GEN T, ulong p, ulong pi, GEN *pr)
    1542             : {
    1543             :   GEN q, r;
    1544      903842 :   long lt = degpol(T); /*We discard the leading term*/
    1545             :   long ld, lm, lT, lmg;
    1546      903817 :   ld = l-lt;
    1547      903817 :   lm = minss(ld, lgpol(mg));
    1548      904135 :   lT  = Flx_lgrenormalizespec(T+2,lt);
    1549      904273 :   lmg = Flx_lgrenormalizespec(mg+2,lm);
    1550      904047 :   q = Flx_recipspec(x+lt,ld,ld);               /* q = rec(x)      lz<=ld*/
    1551      903328 :   q = Flx_mulspec(q+2,mg+2,p,pi,lgpol(q),lmg); /* q = rec(x) * mg lz<=ld+lm*/
    1552      904043 :   q = Flx_recipspec(q+2,minss(ld,lgpol(q)),ld);/* q = rec (rec(x) * mg) lz<=ld*/
    1553      903343 :   if (!pr) return q;
    1554      895652 :   r = Flx_mulspec(q+2,T+2,p,pi,lgpol(q),lT);   /* r = q*pol      lz<=ld+lt*/
    1555      896376 :   r = Flx_subspec(x,r+2,p,lt,minss(lt,lgpol(r)));/* r = x - q*pol lz<=lt */
    1556      896219 :   if (pr == ONLY_REM) return r;
    1557      427783 :   *pr = r; return q;
    1558             : }
    1559             : 
    1560             : static GEN
    1561      603537 : Flx_divrem_Barrett(GEN x, GEN mg, GEN T, ulong p, ulong pi, GEN *pr)
    1562             : {
    1563      603537 :   GEN q = NULL, r = Flx_copy(x);
    1564      603560 :   long l = lgpol(x), lt = degpol(T), lm = 2*lt-1, v = T[1];
    1565             :   long i;
    1566      603560 :   if (l <= lt)
    1567             :   {
    1568           0 :     if (pr == ONLY_REM) return Flx_copy(x);
    1569           0 :     if (pr == ONLY_DIVIDES) return lgpol(x)? NULL: pol0_Flx(v);
    1570           0 :     if (pr) *pr = Flx_copy(x);
    1571           0 :     return pol0_Flx(v);
    1572             :   }
    1573      603560 :   if (lt <= 1)
    1574        1312 :     return Flx_divrem_basecase(x,T,p,pi,pr);
    1575      602248 :   if (pr != ONLY_REM && l>lm)
    1576       28918 :   { q = zero_zv(l-lt+1); q[1] = T[1]; }
    1577      905446 :   while (l>lm)
    1578             :   {
    1579      303235 :     GEN zr, zq = Flx_divrem_Barrettspec(r+2+l-lm,lm,mg,T,p,pi,&zr);
    1580      303258 :     long lz = lgpol(zr);
    1581      303198 :     if (pr != ONLY_REM)
    1582             :     {
    1583       58009 :       long lq = lgpol(zq);
    1584      872606 :       for(i=0; i<lq; i++) q[2+l-lm+i] = zq[2+i];
    1585             :     }
    1586     4391232 :     for(i=0; i<lz; i++)   r[2+l-lm+i] = zr[2+i];
    1587      303198 :     l = l-lm+lz;
    1588             :   }
    1589      602211 :   if (pr == ONLY_REM)
    1590             :   {
    1591      468486 :     if (l > lt)
    1592      468444 :       r = Flx_divrem_Barrettspec(r+2,l,mg,T,p,pi,ONLY_REM);
    1593             :     else
    1594          42 :       r = Flx_renormalize(r, l+2);
    1595      468478 :     r[1] = v; return r;
    1596             :   }
    1597      133725 :   if (l > lt)
    1598             :   {
    1599      132188 :     GEN zq = Flx_divrem_Barrettspec(r+2,l,mg,T,p,pi, pr ? &r: NULL);
    1600      132188 :     if (!q) q = zq;
    1601             :     else
    1602             :     {
    1603       27344 :       long lq = lgpol(zq);
    1604      158721 :       for(i=0; i<lq; i++) q[2+i] = zq[2+i];
    1605             :     }
    1606             :   }
    1607        1537 :   else if (pr)
    1608        1535 :     r = Flx_renormalize(r, l+2);
    1609      133725 :   q[1] = v; q = Flx_renormalize(q, lg(q));
    1610      133762 :   if (pr == ONLY_DIVIDES) return lgpol(r)? NULL: q;
    1611      133762 :   if (pr) { r[1] = v; *pr = r; }
    1612      133762 :   return q;
    1613             : }
    1614             : 
    1615             : /* allow pi = 0 (SMALL_ULONG) */
    1616             : GEN
    1617    79357427 : Flx_divrem_pre(GEN x, GEN T, ulong p, ulong pi, GEN *pr)
    1618             : {
    1619             :   GEN B, y;
    1620             :   long dy, dx, d;
    1621    79357427 :   if (pr==ONLY_REM) return Flx_rem_pre(x, T, p, pi);
    1622    62038236 :   y = get_Flx_red(T, &B);
    1623    62051473 :   dy = degpol(y); dx = degpol(x); d = dx-dy;
    1624    62048008 :   if (!B && d+3 < get_Fl_threshold(p, Flx_DIVREM_BARRETT_LIMIT,Flx_DIVREM2_BARRETT_LIMIT))
    1625    61914470 :     return Flx_divrem_basecase(x,y,p,pi,pr);
    1626             :   else
    1627             :   {
    1628      134676 :     pari_sp av = avma;
    1629      134676 :     GEN mg = B? B: Flx_invBarrett_pre(y, p, pi);
    1630      134674 :     GEN q1 = Flx_divrem_Barrett(x,mg,y,p,pi,pr);
    1631      134676 :     if (!q1) return gc_NULL(av);
    1632      134676 :     if (!pr || pr==ONLY_DIVIDES) return gerepileuptoleaf(av, q1);
    1633      126379 :     return gc_all(av, 2, &q1, pr);
    1634             :   }
    1635             : }
    1636             : GEN
    1637    30293069 : Flx_divrem(GEN x, GEN T, ulong p, GEN *pr)
    1638    30293069 : { return Flx_divrem_pre(x, T, p, SMALL_ULONG(p)? 0: get_Fl_red(p), pr); }
    1639             : 
    1640             : GEN
    1641   915858640 : Flx_rem_pre(GEN x, GEN T, ulong p, ulong pi)
    1642             : {
    1643   915858640 :   GEN B, y = get_Flx_red(T, &B);
    1644   915849540 :   long d = degpol(x) - degpol(y);
    1645   915752683 :   if (d < 0) return Flx_copy(x);
    1646   793337330 :   if (!B && d+3 < get_Fl_threshold(p, Flx_REM_BARRETT_LIMIT,Flx_REM2_BARRETT_LIMIT))
    1647   792757664 :     return Flx_rem_basecase(x,y,p, pi);
    1648             :   else
    1649             :   {
    1650      468862 :     pari_sp av=avma;
    1651      468862 :     GEN mg = B ? B: Flx_invBarrett_pre(y, p, pi);
    1652      468862 :     GEN r  = Flx_divrem_Barrett(x, mg, y, p, pi, ONLY_REM);
    1653      468875 :     return gerepileuptoleaf(av, r);
    1654             :   }
    1655             : }
    1656             : GEN
    1657    41830852 : Flx_rem(GEN x, GEN T, ulong p)
    1658    41830852 : { return Flx_rem_pre(x, T, p, SMALL_ULONG(p)? 0: get_Fl_red(p)); }
    1659             : 
    1660             : /* reduce T mod (X^n - 1, p). Shallow function */
    1661             : GEN
    1662     5108124 : Flx_mod_Xnm1(GEN T, ulong n, ulong p)
    1663             : {
    1664     5108124 :   long i, j, L = lg(T), l = n+2;
    1665             :   GEN S;
    1666     5108124 :   if (L <= l || n & ~LGBITS) return T;
    1667        3450 :   S = cgetg(l, t_VECSMALL);
    1668        3450 :   S[1] = T[1];
    1669       14013 :   for (i = 2; i < l; i++) S[i] = T[i];
    1670        9420 :   for (j = 2; i < L; i++) {
    1671        5970 :     S[j] = Fl_add(S[j], T[i], p);
    1672        5970 :     if (++j == l) j = 2;
    1673             :   }
    1674        3450 :   return Flx_renormalize(S, l);
    1675             : }
    1676             : /* reduce T mod (X^n + 1, p). Shallow function */
    1677             : GEN
    1678       30302 : Flx_mod_Xn1(GEN T, ulong n, ulong p)
    1679             : {
    1680       30302 :   long i, j, L = lg(T), l = n+2;
    1681             :   GEN S;
    1682       30302 :   if (L <= l || n & ~LGBITS) return T;
    1683        2682 :   S = cgetg(l, t_VECSMALL);
    1684        2682 :   S[1] = T[1];
    1685       11347 :   for (i = 2; i < l; i++) S[i] = T[i];
    1686        6974 :   for (j = 2; i < L; i++) {
    1687        4292 :     S[j] = Fl_sub(S[j], T[i], p);
    1688        4292 :     if (++j == l) j = 2;
    1689             :   }
    1690        2682 :   return Flx_renormalize(S, l);
    1691             : }
    1692             : 
    1693             : struct _Flxq {
    1694             :   GEN aut, T;
    1695             :   ulong p, pi;
    1696             : };
    1697             : /* allow pi = 0 */
    1698             : static void
    1699    71557505 : set_Flxq_pre(struct _Flxq *D, GEN T, ulong p, ulong pi)
    1700             : {
    1701    71557505 :   D->p = p;
    1702    71557505 :   D->pi = pi;
    1703    71557505 :   D->T = Flx_get_red_pre(T, p, pi);
    1704    71553348 : }
    1705             : static void
    1706       68965 : set_Flxq(struct _Flxq *D, GEN T, ulong p)
    1707       68965 : { set_Flxq_pre(D, T, p, SMALL_ULONG(p)? 0: get_Fl_red(p)); }
    1708             : 
    1709             : static GEN
    1710           0 : _Flx_divrem(void * E, GEN x, GEN y, GEN *r)
    1711             : {
    1712           0 :   struct _Flxq *D = (struct _Flxq*) E;
    1713           0 :   return Flx_divrem_pre(x, y, D->p, D->pi, r);
    1714             : }
    1715             : static GEN
    1716      389822 : _Flx_add(void * E, GEN x, GEN y) {
    1717      389822 :   struct _Flxq *D = (struct _Flxq*) E;
    1718      389822 :   return Flx_add(x, y, D->p);
    1719             : }
    1720             : static GEN
    1721    10492541 : _Flx_mul(void *E, GEN x, GEN y) {
    1722    10492541 :   struct _Flxq *D = (struct _Flxq*) E;
    1723    10492541 :   return Flx_mul_pre(x, y, D->p, D->pi);
    1724             : }
    1725             : static GEN
    1726           0 : _Flx_sqr(void *E, GEN x) {
    1727           0 :   struct _Flxq *D = (struct _Flxq*) E;
    1728           0 :   return Flx_sqr_pre(x, D->p, D->pi);
    1729             : }
    1730             : 
    1731             : static struct bb_ring Flx_ring = { _Flx_add,_Flx_mul,_Flx_sqr };
    1732             : 
    1733             : GEN
    1734           0 : Flx_digits(GEN x, GEN T, ulong p)
    1735             : {
    1736             :   struct _Flxq D;
    1737           0 :   long d = degpol(T), n = (lgpol(x)+d-1)/d;
    1738           0 :   D.p = p; D.pi = SMALL_ULONG(p)? 0: get_Fl_red(p);
    1739           0 :   return gen_digits(x,T,n,(void *)&D, &Flx_ring, _Flx_divrem);
    1740             : }
    1741             : 
    1742             : GEN
    1743           0 : FlxV_Flx_fromdigits(GEN x, GEN T, ulong p)
    1744             : {
    1745             :   struct _Flxq D;
    1746           0 :   D.p = p; D.pi = SMALL_ULONG(p)? 0: get_Fl_red(p);
    1747           0 :   return gen_fromdigits(x,T,(void *)&D, &Flx_ring);
    1748             : }
    1749             : 
    1750             : long
    1751     4169580 : Flx_val(GEN x)
    1752             : {
    1753     4169580 :   long i, l=lg(x);
    1754     4169580 :   if (l==2)  return LONG_MAX;
    1755     4178507 :   for (i=2; i<l && x[i]==0; i++) /*empty*/;
    1756     4169580 :   return i-2;
    1757             : }
    1758             : long
    1759    26311966 : Flx_valrem(GEN x, GEN *Z)
    1760             : {
    1761    26311966 :   long v, i, l=lg(x);
    1762             :   GEN y;
    1763    26311966 :   if (l==2) { *Z = Flx_copy(x); return LONG_MAX; }
    1764    28494452 :   for (i=2; i<l && x[i]==0; i++) /*empty*/;
    1765    26311966 :   v = i-2;
    1766    26311966 :   if (v == 0) { *Z = x; return 0; }
    1767     1012524 :   l -= v;
    1768     1012524 :   y = cgetg(l, t_VECSMALL); y[1] = x[1];
    1769     2636814 :   for (i=2; i<l; i++) y[i] = x[i+v];
    1770     1029067 :   *Z = y; return v;
    1771             : }
    1772             : 
    1773             : GEN
    1774    21161294 : Flx_deriv(GEN z, ulong p)
    1775             : {
    1776    21161294 :   long i,l = lg(z)-1;
    1777             :   GEN x;
    1778    21161294 :   if (l < 2) l = 2;
    1779    21161294 :   x = cgetg(l, t_VECSMALL); x[1] = z[1]; z++;
    1780    21160057 :   if (HIGHWORD(l | p))
    1781    57460258 :     for (i=2; i<l; i++) x[i] = Fl_mul((ulong)i-1, z[i], p);
    1782             :   else
    1783    85431457 :     for (i=2; i<l; i++) x[i] = ((i-1) * z[i]) % p;
    1784    21161179 :   return Flx_renormalize(x,l);
    1785             : }
    1786             : 
    1787             : static GEN
    1788      422521 : Flx_integXn(GEN x, long n, ulong p)
    1789             : {
    1790      422521 :   long i, lx = lg(x);
    1791             :   GEN y;
    1792      422521 :   if (lx == 2) return Flx_copy(x);
    1793      412711 :   y = cgetg(lx, t_VECSMALL); y[1] = x[1];
    1794     2096112 :   for (i=2; i<lx; i++)
    1795             :   {
    1796     1682850 :     ulong xi = uel(x,i);
    1797     1682850 :     if (xi == 0)
    1798       13345 :       uel(y,i) = 0;
    1799             :     else
    1800             :     {
    1801     1669505 :       ulong j = n+i-1;
    1802     1669505 :       ulong d = ugcd(j, xi);
    1803     1669478 :       if (d==1)
    1804     1018065 :         uel(y,i) = Fl_div(xi, j, p);
    1805             :       else
    1806      651413 :         uel(y,i) = Fl_div(xi/d, j/d, p);
    1807             :     }
    1808             :   }
    1809      413262 :   return Flx_renormalize(y, lx);;
    1810             : }
    1811             : 
    1812             : GEN
    1813           0 : Flx_integ(GEN x, ulong p)
    1814             : {
    1815           0 :   long i, lx = lg(x);
    1816             :   GEN y;
    1817           0 :   if (lx == 2) return Flx_copy(x);
    1818           0 :   y = cgetg(lx+1, t_VECSMALL); y[1] = x[1];
    1819           0 :   uel(y,2) = 0;
    1820           0 :   for (i=3; i<=lx; i++)
    1821           0 :     uel(y,i) = uel(x,i-1) ? Fl_div(uel(x,i-1), (i-2)%p, p): 0UL;
    1822           0 :   return Flx_renormalize(y, lx+1);;
    1823             : }
    1824             : 
    1825             : /* assume p prime */
    1826             : GEN
    1827       13482 : Flx_diff1(GEN P, ulong p)
    1828             : {
    1829       13482 :   return Flx_sub(Flx_translate1(P, p), P, p);
    1830             : }
    1831             : 
    1832             : GEN
    1833      420112 : Flx_deflate(GEN x0, long d)
    1834             : {
    1835             :   GEN z, y, x;
    1836      420112 :   long i,id, dy, dx = degpol(x0);
    1837      420112 :   if (d == 1 || dx <= 0) return Flx_copy(x0);
    1838      356615 :   dy = dx/d;
    1839      356615 :   y = cgetg(dy+3, t_VECSMALL); y[1] = x0[1];
    1840      356615 :   z = y + 2;
    1841      356615 :   x = x0+ 2;
    1842     1159824 :   for (i=id=0; i<=dy; i++,id+=d) z[i] = x[id];
    1843      356615 :   return y;
    1844             : }
    1845             : 
    1846             : GEN
    1847      157875 : Flx_inflate(GEN x0, long d)
    1848             : {
    1849      157875 :   long i, id, dy, dx = degpol(x0);
    1850      157870 :   GEN x = x0 + 2, z, y;
    1851      157870 :   if (dx <= 0) return Flx_copy(x0);
    1852      156796 :   dy = dx*d;
    1853      156796 :   y = cgetg(dy+3, t_VECSMALL); y[1] = x0[1];
    1854      156792 :   z = y + 2;
    1855     8710495 :   for (i=0; i<=dy; i++) z[i] = 0;
    1856     4238766 :   for (i=id=0; i<=dx; i++,id+=d) z[id] = x[i];
    1857      156792 :   return y;
    1858             : }
    1859             : 
    1860             : /* write p(X) = a_0(X^k) + X*a_1(X^k) + ... + X^(k-1)*a_{k-1}(X^k) */
    1861             : GEN
    1862      147095 : Flx_splitting(GEN p, long k)
    1863             : {
    1864      147095 :   long n = degpol(p), v = p[1], m, i, j, l;
    1865             :   GEN r;
    1866             : 
    1867      147094 :   m = n/k;
    1868      147094 :   r = cgetg(k+1,t_VEC);
    1869      678584 :   for(i=1; i<=k; i++)
    1870             :   {
    1871      531495 :     gel(r,i) = cgetg(m+3, t_VECSMALL);
    1872      531487 :     mael(r,i,1) = v;
    1873             :   }
    1874     4428330 :   for (j=1, i=0, l=2; i<=n; i++)
    1875             :   {
    1876     4281241 :     mael(r,j,l) = p[2+i];
    1877     4281241 :     if (j==k) { j=1; l++; } else j++;
    1878             :   }
    1879      678590 :   for(i=1; i<=k; i++)
    1880      531511 :     gel(r,i) = Flx_renormalize(gel(r,i),i<j?l+1:l);
    1881      147079 :   return r;
    1882             : }
    1883             : 
    1884             : /* ux + vy */
    1885             : static GEN
    1886      416895 : Flx_addmulmul(GEN u, GEN v, GEN x, GEN y, ulong p, ulong pi)
    1887      416895 : { return Flx_add(Flx_mul_pre(u,x, p,pi), Flx_mul_pre(v,y, p,pi), p); }
    1888             : 
    1889             : static GEN
    1890       24752 : FlxM_Flx_mul2(GEN M, GEN x, GEN y, ulong p, ulong pi)
    1891             : {
    1892       24752 :   GEN res = cgetg(3, t_COL);
    1893       24752 :   gel(res, 1) = Flx_addmulmul(gcoeff(M,1,1), gcoeff(M,1,2), x, y, p, pi);
    1894       24752 :   gel(res, 2) = Flx_addmulmul(gcoeff(M,2,1), gcoeff(M,2,2), x, y, p, pi);
    1895       24752 :   return res;
    1896             : }
    1897             : 
    1898             : #if 0
    1899             : static GEN
    1900             : FlxM_mul2_old(GEN M, GEN N, ulong p)
    1901             : {
    1902             :   GEN res = cgetg(3, t_MAT);
    1903             :   gel(res, 1) = FlxM_Flx_mul2(M,gcoeff(N,1,1),gcoeff(N,2,1),p);
    1904             :   gel(res, 2) = FlxM_Flx_mul2(M,gcoeff(N,1,2),gcoeff(N,2,2),p);
    1905             :   return res;
    1906             : }
    1907             : #endif
    1908             : /* A,B are 2x2 matrices, Flx entries. Return A x B using Strassen 7M formula */
    1909             : static GEN
    1910        6517 : FlxM_mul2(GEN A, GEN B, ulong p, ulong pi)
    1911             : {
    1912        6517 :   GEN A11=gcoeff(A,1,1),A12=gcoeff(A,1,2), B11=gcoeff(B,1,1),B12=gcoeff(B,1,2);
    1913        6517 :   GEN A21=gcoeff(A,2,1),A22=gcoeff(A,2,2), B21=gcoeff(B,2,1),B22=gcoeff(B,2,2);
    1914        6517 :   GEN M1 = Flx_mul_pre(Flx_add(A11,A22, p), Flx_add(B11,B22, p), p, pi);
    1915        6517 :   GEN M2 = Flx_mul_pre(Flx_add(A21,A22, p), B11, p, pi);
    1916        6517 :   GEN M3 = Flx_mul_pre(A11, Flx_sub(B12,B22, p), p, pi);
    1917        6516 :   GEN M4 = Flx_mul_pre(A22, Flx_sub(B21,B11, p), p, pi);
    1918        6516 :   GEN M5 = Flx_mul_pre(Flx_add(A11,A12, p), B22, p, pi);
    1919        6517 :   GEN M6 = Flx_mul_pre(Flx_sub(A21,A11, p), Flx_add(B11,B12, p), p, pi);
    1920        6516 :   GEN M7 = Flx_mul_pre(Flx_sub(A12,A22, p), Flx_add(B21,B22, p), p, pi);
    1921        6517 :   GEN T1 = Flx_add(M1,M4, p), T2 = Flx_sub(M7,M5, p);
    1922        6517 :   GEN T3 = Flx_sub(M1,M2, p), T4 = Flx_add(M3,M6, p);
    1923        6517 :   retmkmat22(Flx_add(T1,T2, p), Flx_add(M3,M5, p),
    1924             :              Flx_add(M2,M4, p), Flx_add(T3,T4, p));
    1925             : }
    1926             : 
    1927             : /* Return [0,1;1,-q]*M */
    1928             : static GEN
    1929        6345 : Flx_FlxM_qmul(GEN q, GEN M, ulong p, ulong pi)
    1930             : {
    1931        6345 :   GEN u = Flx_mul_pre(gcoeff(M,2,1), q, p, pi);
    1932        6345 :   GEN v = Flx_mul_pre(gcoeff(M,2,2), q, p, pi);
    1933        6345 :   retmkmat22(gcoeff(M,2,1), gcoeff(M,2,2),
    1934             :     Flx_sub(gcoeff(M,1,1), u, p), Flx_sub(gcoeff(M,1,2), v, p));
    1935             : }
    1936             : 
    1937             : static GEN
    1938         895 : matid2_FlxM(long v)
    1939         895 : { retmkmat22(pol1_Flx(v),pol0_Flx(v),pol0_Flx(v),pol1_Flx(v)); }
    1940             : 
    1941             : static GEN
    1942          13 : matJ2_FlxM(long v)
    1943          13 : { retmkmat22(pol0_Flx(v),pol1_Flx(v),pol1_Flx(v),pol0_Flx(v)); }
    1944             : 
    1945             : struct Flx_res
    1946             : {
    1947             :    ulong res, lc;
    1948             :    long deg0, deg1, off;
    1949             : };
    1950             : 
    1951             : INLINE void
    1952        9405 : Flx_halfres_update_pre(long da, long db, long dr, ulong p, ulong pi, struct Flx_res *res)
    1953             : {
    1954        9405 :   if (dr >= 0)
    1955             :   {
    1956        9405 :     if (res->lc != 1)
    1957             :     {
    1958        7596 :       if (pi)
    1959             :       {
    1960        3127 :         res->lc  = Fl_powu_pre(res->lc, da - dr, p, pi);
    1961        3127 :         res->res = Fl_mul_pre(res->res, res->lc, p, pi);
    1962             :       } else
    1963             :       {
    1964        4469 :         res->lc  = Fl_powu(res->lc, da - dr, p);
    1965        4469 :         res->res = Fl_mul(res->res, res->lc, p);
    1966             :       }
    1967             :     }
    1968        9405 :     if (both_odd(da + res->off, db + res->off))
    1969          63 :       res->res = Fl_neg(res->res, p);
    1970             :   } else
    1971             :   {
    1972           0 :     if (db == 0)
    1973             :     {
    1974           0 :       if (res->lc != 1)
    1975             :       {
    1976           0 :         if (pi)
    1977             :         {
    1978           0 :           res->lc  = Fl_powu_pre(res->lc, da, p, pi);
    1979           0 :           res->res = Fl_mul_pre(res->res, res->lc, p, pi);
    1980             :         } else
    1981             :         {
    1982           0 :           res->lc  = Fl_powu(res->lc, da, p);
    1983           0 :           res->res = Fl_mul(res->res, res->lc, p);
    1984             :         }
    1985             :       }
    1986             :     } else
    1987           0 :       res->res = 0;
    1988             :   }
    1989        9404 : }
    1990             : 
    1991             : static GEN
    1992     1109319 : Flx_halfres_basecase(GEN a, GEN b, ulong p, ulong pi, GEN *pa, GEN *pb, struct Flx_res *res)
    1993             : {
    1994     1109319 :   pari_sp av = avma;
    1995             :   GEN u, u1, v, v1, M;
    1996     1109319 :   long vx = a[1], n = lgpol(a)>>1;
    1997     1109317 :   u1 = v = pol0_Flx(vx);
    1998     1109312 :   u = v1 = pol1_Flx(vx);
    1999     6850107 :   while (lgpol(b)>n)
    2000             :   {
    2001             :     GEN r, q;
    2002     5740818 :     q = Flx_divrem_pre(a,b,p,pi, &r);
    2003     5740925 :     if (res)
    2004             :     {
    2005        8362 :       long da = degpol(a), db=degpol(b), dr = degpol(r);
    2006        8362 :       res->lc = b[db+2];
    2007        8362 :       if (dr >= n)
    2008        7133 :         Flx_halfres_update_pre(da, db, dr, p, pi, res);
    2009             :       else
    2010             :       {
    2011        1229 :         res->deg0 = da;
    2012        1229 :         res->deg1 = db;
    2013             :       }
    2014             :     }
    2015     5740925 :     a = b; b = r; swap(u,u1); swap(v,v1);
    2016     5740925 :     u1 = Flx_sub(u1, Flx_mul(u, q, p), p);
    2017     5740764 :     v1 = Flx_sub(v1, Flx_mul(v, q, p), p);
    2018     5740803 :     if (gc_needed(av,2))
    2019             :     {
    2020           0 :       if (DEBUGMEM>1) pari_warn(warnmem,"Flx_halfgcd (d = %ld)",degpol(b));
    2021           0 :       gerepileall(av,6, &a,&b,&u1,&v1,&u,&v);
    2022             :     }
    2023             :   }
    2024     1109146 :   M = mkmat22(u,v,u1,v1); *pa = a; *pb = b;
    2025     1109294 :   return gc_all(av,3, &M, pa, pb);
    2026             : }
    2027             : 
    2028             : static GEN Flx_halfres_i(GEN x, GEN y, ulong p, ulong pi, GEN *a, GEN *b, struct Flx_res *res);
    2029             : 
    2030             : static GEN
    2031       19282 : Flx_halfres_split(GEN x, GEN y, ulong p, ulong pi, GEN *a, GEN *b, struct Flx_res *res)
    2032             : {
    2033       19282 :   pari_sp av = avma;
    2034             :   GEN R, S, T, V1, V2;
    2035             :   GEN x1, y1, r, q;
    2036       19282 :   long l = lgpol(x), n = l>>1, k;
    2037       19282 :   if (lgpol(y) <= n)
    2038         855 :     { *a = Flx_copy(x); *b = Flx_copy(y); return matid2_FlxM(x[1]); }
    2039       18427 :   if (res)
    2040             :   {
    2041        3263 :      res->lc = Flx_lead(y);
    2042        3263 :      res->deg0 -= n;
    2043        3263 :      res->deg1 -= n;
    2044        3263 :      res->off += n;
    2045             :   }
    2046       18427 :   R = Flx_halfres_i(Flx_shift(x,-n),Flx_shift(y,-n),p,pi,a,b,res);
    2047       18426 :   if (res)
    2048             :   {
    2049        3262 :     res->off -= n;
    2050        3262 :     res->deg0 += n;
    2051        3262 :     res->deg1 += n;
    2052             :   }
    2053       18426 :   V1 = FlxM_Flx_mul2(R, Flxn_red(x,n), Flxn_red(y,n), p, pi);
    2054       18427 :   x1 = Flx_add(Flx_shift(*a,n), gel(V1,1), p);
    2055       18427 :   y1 = Flx_add(Flx_shift(*b,n), gel(V1,2), p);
    2056       18427 :   if (lgpol(y1) <= n)
    2057       12102 :     { *a = x1; *b = y1; return gc_all(av, 3, &R, a, b); }
    2058        6325 :   k = 2*n-degpol(y1);
    2059        6325 :   q = Flx_divrem_pre(x1, y1, p, pi, &r);
    2060        6325 :   if (res)
    2061             :   {
    2062        1043 :     long dx1 = degpol(x1), dy1 = degpol(y1), dr = degpol(r);
    2063        1043 :     if (dy1 < degpol(y))
    2064         185 :       Flx_halfres_update_pre(res->deg0, res->deg1, dy1, p, pi, res);
    2065        1043 :     res->lc = uel(y1, dy1+2);
    2066        1043 :     res->deg0 = dx1;
    2067        1043 :     res->deg1 = dy1;
    2068        1043 :     if (dr >= n)
    2069             :     {
    2070        1043 :       Flx_halfres_update_pre(dx1, dy1, dr, p, pi, res);
    2071        1043 :       res->deg0 = dy1;
    2072        1043 :       res->deg1 = dr;
    2073             :     }
    2074        1043 :     res->deg0 -= k;
    2075        1043 :     res->deg1 -= k;
    2076        1043 :     res->off += k;
    2077             :   }
    2078        6325 :   S = Flx_halfres_i(Flx_shift(y1,-k), Flx_shift(r,-k), p, pi, a, b, res);
    2079        6325 :   if (res)
    2080             :   {
    2081        1043 :     res->deg0 += k;
    2082        1043 :     res->deg1 += k;
    2083        1043 :     res->off -= k;
    2084             :   }
    2085        6325 :   T = FlxM_mul2(S, Flx_FlxM_qmul(q, R, p,pi), p, pi);
    2086        6325 :   V2 = FlxM_Flx_mul2(S, Flxn_red(y1,k), Flxn_red(r,k), p, pi);
    2087        6325 :   *a = Flx_add(Flx_shift(*a,k), gel(V2,1), p);
    2088        6325 :   *b = Flx_add(Flx_shift(*b,k), gel(V2,2), p);
    2089        6325 :   return gc_all(av, 3, &T, a, b);
    2090             : }
    2091             : 
    2092             : static GEN
    2093     1128604 : Flx_halfres_i(GEN x, GEN y, ulong p, ulong pi, GEN *a, GEN *b, struct Flx_res *res)
    2094             : {
    2095     1128604 :   if (lgpol(x) < get_Fl_threshold(p, Flx_HALFGCD_LIMIT, Flx_HALFGCD2_LIMIT))
    2096     1109319 :     return Flx_halfres_basecase(x, y, p, pi, a, b, res);
    2097       19282 :   return Flx_halfres_split(x, y, p, pi, a, b, res);
    2098             : }
    2099             : 
    2100             : static GEN
    2101     1102808 : Flx_halfgcd_all_i(GEN x, GEN y, ulong p, ulong pi, GEN *pa, GEN *pb)
    2102             : {
    2103             :   GEN a, b, R;
    2104     1102808 :   R = Flx_halfres_i(x, y, p, pi, &a, &b, NULL);
    2105     1102817 :   if (pa) *pa = a;
    2106     1102817 :   if (pb) *pb = b;
    2107     1102817 :   return R;
    2108             : }
    2109             : 
    2110             : /* Return M in GL_2(Fl[X]) such that:
    2111             : if [a',b']~=M*[a,b]~ then degpol(a')>= (lgpol(a)>>1) >degpol(b')
    2112             : */
    2113             : 
    2114             : GEN
    2115     1102808 : Flx_halfgcd_all_pre(GEN x, GEN y, ulong p, ulong pi, GEN *a, GEN *b)
    2116             : {
    2117             :   pari_sp av;
    2118             :   GEN R, q ,r;
    2119     1102808 :   long lx = lgpol(x), ly = lgpol(y);
    2120     1102808 :   if (!lx)
    2121             :   {
    2122           0 :     if (a) *a = Flx_copy(y);
    2123           0 :     if (b) *b = Flx_copy(x);
    2124           0 :     return matJ2_FlxM(x[1]);
    2125             :   }
    2126     1102808 :   if (ly < lx) return Flx_halfgcd_all_i(x, y, p, pi, a, b);
    2127        8585 :   av = avma;
    2128        8585 :   q = Flx_divrem(y,x,p,&r);
    2129        8585 :   R = Flx_halfgcd_all_i(x, r, p, pi, a, b);
    2130        8585 :   gcoeff(R,1,1) = Flx_sub(gcoeff(R,1,1), Flx_mul_pre(q,gcoeff(R,1,2), p,pi), p);
    2131        8585 :   gcoeff(R,2,1) = Flx_sub(gcoeff(R,2,1), Flx_mul_pre(q,gcoeff(R,2,2), p,pi), p);
    2132        8585 :   return !a && b ? gc_all(av, 2, &R, b): gc_all(av, 1+!!a+!!b, &R, a, b);
    2133             : }
    2134             : 
    2135             : GEN
    2136         154 : Flx_halfgcd_all(GEN x, GEN y, ulong p, GEN *a, GEN *b)
    2137         154 : { return Flx_halfgcd_all_pre(x, y, p, SMALL_ULONG(p)? 0: get_Fl_red(p), a, b); }
    2138             : 
    2139             : GEN
    2140      846668 : Flx_halfgcd_pre(GEN x, GEN y, ulong p, ulong pi)
    2141      846668 : { return Flx_halfgcd_all_pre(x, y, p, pi, NULL, NULL); }
    2142             : 
    2143             : GEN
    2144           0 : Flx_halfgcd(GEN x, GEN y, ulong p)
    2145           0 : { return Flx_halfgcd_pre(x, y, p, SMALL_ULONG(p)? 0: get_Fl_red(p)); }
    2146             : 
    2147             : /*Do not garbage collect*/
    2148             : static GEN
    2149    82972023 : Flx_gcd_basecase(GEN a, GEN b, ulong p, ulong pi)
    2150             : {
    2151    82972023 :   pari_sp av = avma;
    2152    82972023 :   ulong iter = 0;
    2153    82972023 :   if (lg(b) > lg(a)) swap(a, b);
    2154   286656480 :   while (lgpol(b))
    2155             :   {
    2156   203336481 :     GEN c = Flx_rem_pre(a,b,p,pi);
    2157   203684457 :     iter++; a = b; b = c;
    2158   203684457 :     if (gc_needed(av,2))
    2159             :     {
    2160           0 :       if (DEBUGMEM>1) pari_warn(warnmem,"Flx_gcd (d = %ld)",degpol(c));
    2161           0 :       gerepileall(av,2, &a,&b);
    2162             :     }
    2163             :   }
    2164    82940712 :   return iter < 2 ? Flx_copy(a) : a;
    2165             : }
    2166             : 
    2167             : GEN
    2168    84615497 : Flx_gcd_pre(GEN x, GEN y, ulong p, ulong pi)
    2169             : {
    2170    84615497 :   pari_sp av = avma;
    2171             :   long lim;
    2172    84615497 :   if (!lgpol(x)) return Flx_copy(y);
    2173    82976479 :   lim = get_Fl_threshold(p, Flx_GCD_LIMIT, Flx_GCD2_LIMIT);
    2174    82982386 :   while (lgpol(y) >= lim)
    2175             :   {
    2176         150 :     if (lgpol(y)<=(lgpol(x)>>1))
    2177             :     {
    2178           0 :       GEN r = Flx_rem_pre(x, y, p, pi);
    2179           0 :       x = y; y = r;
    2180             :     }
    2181         150 :     (void) Flx_halfgcd_all_pre(x, y, p, pi, &x, &y);
    2182         150 :     if (gc_needed(av,2))
    2183             :     {
    2184           0 :       if (DEBUGMEM>1) pari_warn(warnmem,"Flx_gcd (y = %ld)",degpol(y));
    2185           0 :       gerepileall(av,2,&x,&y);
    2186             :     }
    2187             :   }
    2188    82972736 :   return gerepileuptoleaf(av, Flx_gcd_basecase(x,y,p,pi));
    2189             : }
    2190             : GEN
    2191    32441107 : Flx_gcd(GEN x, GEN y, ulong p)
    2192    32441107 : { return Flx_gcd_pre(x, y, p, SMALL_ULONG(p)? 0: get_Fl_red(p)); }
    2193             : 
    2194             : int
    2195     8532554 : Flx_is_squarefree(GEN z, ulong p)
    2196             : {
    2197     8532554 :   pari_sp av = avma;
    2198     8532554 :   GEN d = Flx_gcd(z, Flx_deriv(z,p) , p);
    2199     8532335 :   return gc_bool(av, degpol(d) == 0);
    2200             : }
    2201             : 
    2202             : static long
    2203      126702 : Flx_is_smooth_squarefree(GEN f, long r, ulong p, ulong pi)
    2204             : {
    2205      126702 :   pari_sp av = avma;
    2206             :   long i;
    2207      126702 :   GEN sx = polx_Flx(f[1]), a = sx;
    2208      531703 :   for(i=1;;i++)
    2209             :   {
    2210      531703 :     if (degpol(f)<=r) return gc_long(av,1);
    2211      509523 :     a = Flxq_powu_pre(Flx_rem_pre(a,f,p,pi), p, f, p, pi);
    2212      509765 :     if (Flx_equal(a, sx)) return gc_long(av,1);
    2213      506072 :     if (i==r) return gc_long(av,0);
    2214      404881 :     f = Flx_div_pre(f, Flx_gcd_pre(Flx_sub(a,sx,p),f,p,pi),p,pi);
    2215             :   }
    2216             : }
    2217             : 
    2218             : static long
    2219        8365 : Flx_is_l_pow(GEN x, ulong p)
    2220             : {
    2221        8365 :   ulong i, lx = lgpol(x);
    2222       16610 :   for (i=1; i<lx; i++)
    2223       14914 :     if (x[i+2] && i%p) return 0;
    2224        1696 :   return 1;
    2225             : }
    2226             : 
    2227             : int
    2228      126715 : Flx_is_smooth_pre(GEN g, long r, ulong p, ulong pi)
    2229             : {
    2230             :   while (1)
    2231        8365 :   {
    2232      126715 :     GEN f = Flx_gcd_pre(g, Flx_deriv(g, p), p, pi);
    2233      126502 :     if (!Flx_is_smooth_squarefree(Flx_div_pre(g, f, p, pi), r, p, pi))
    2234      101188 :       return 0;
    2235       25539 :     if (degpol(f)==0) return 1;
    2236        8354 :     g = Flx_is_l_pow(f,p) ? Flx_deflate(f, p): f;
    2237             :   }
    2238             : }
    2239             : int
    2240       74256 : Flx_is_smooth(GEN g, long r, ulong p)
    2241       74256 : { return Flx_is_smooth_pre(g, r, p, SMALL_ULONG(p)? 0: get_Fl_red(p)); }
    2242             : 
    2243             : static GEN
    2244     6353532 : Flx_extgcd_basecase(GEN a, GEN b, ulong p, ulong pi, GEN *ptu, GEN *ptv)
    2245             : {
    2246     6353532 :   pari_sp av=avma;
    2247             :   GEN u,v,u1,v1;
    2248     6353532 :   long vx = a[1];
    2249     6353532 :   v = pol0_Flx(vx); v1 = pol1_Flx(vx);
    2250     6353321 :   if (ptu) { u = pol1_Flx(vx); u1 = pol0_Flx(vx); }
    2251    28234498 :   while (lgpol(b))
    2252             :   {
    2253    21879924 :     GEN r, q = Flx_divrem_pre(a,b,p,pi, &r);
    2254    21881595 :     a = b; b = r;
    2255    21881595 :     if (ptu)
    2256             :     {
    2257     2435354 :       swap(u,u1);
    2258     2435354 :       u1 = Flx_sub(u1, Flx_mul_pre(u, q, p, pi), p);
    2259             :     }
    2260    21881586 :     swap(v,v1);
    2261    21881586 :     v1 = Flx_sub(v1, Flx_mul_pre(v, q, p, pi), p);
    2262    21881170 :     if (gc_needed(av,2))
    2263             :     {
    2264           0 :       if (DEBUGMEM>1) pari_warn(warnmem,"Flx_extgcd (d = %ld)",degpol(a));
    2265           0 :       gerepileall(av,ptu ? 6: 4, &a,&b,&v,&v1,&u,&u1);
    2266             :     }
    2267             :   }
    2268     6353376 :   if (ptu) *ptu = u;
    2269     6353376 :   *ptv = v;
    2270     6353376 :   return a;
    2271             : }
    2272             : 
    2273             : static GEN
    2274      147554 : Flx_extgcd_halfgcd(GEN x, GEN y, ulong p, ulong pi, GEN *ptu, GEN *ptv)
    2275             : {
    2276             :   GEN u, v;
    2277      147554 :   long lim = get_Fl_threshold(p, Flx_EXTGCD_LIMIT, Flx_EXTGCD2_LIMIT);
    2278      147554 :   GEN V = cgetg(expu(lgpol(y))+2,t_VEC);
    2279      147554 :   long i, n = 0, vs = x[1];
    2280      401704 :   while (lgpol(y) >= lim)
    2281             :   {
    2282      254149 :     if (lgpol(y)<=(lgpol(x)>>1))
    2283             :     {
    2284          26 :       GEN r, q = Flx_divrem_pre(x, y, p, pi, &r);
    2285          26 :       x = y; y = r;
    2286          26 :       gel(V,++n) = mkmat22(pol0_Flx(vs),pol1_Flx(vs),pol1_Flx(vs),Flx_neg(q,p));
    2287             :     } else
    2288      254123 :       gel(V,++n) = Flx_halfgcd_all_pre(x, y, p, pi, &x, &y);
    2289             :   }
    2290      147555 :   y = Flx_extgcd_basecase(x,y,p,pi,&u,&v);
    2291      254148 :   for (i = n; i>1; i--)
    2292             :   {
    2293      106595 :     GEN R = gel(V,i);
    2294      106595 :     GEN u1 = Flx_addmulmul(u, v, gcoeff(R,1,1), gcoeff(R,2,1), p, pi);
    2295      106595 :     GEN v1 = Flx_addmulmul(u, v, gcoeff(R,1,2), gcoeff(R,2,2), p, pi);
    2296      106595 :     u = u1; v = v1;
    2297             :   }
    2298             :   {
    2299      147553 :     GEN R = gel(V,1);
    2300      147553 :     if (ptu)
    2301        6543 :       *ptu = Flx_addmulmul(u, v, gcoeff(R,1,1), gcoeff(R,2,1), p, pi);
    2302      147553 :     *ptv   = Flx_addmulmul(u, v, gcoeff(R,1,2), gcoeff(R,2,2), p, pi);
    2303             :   }
    2304      147553 :   return y;
    2305             : }
    2306             : 
    2307             : /* x and y in Z[X], return lift(gcd(x mod p, y mod p)). Set u and v st
    2308             :  * ux + vy = gcd (mod p) */
    2309             : GEN
    2310     6353524 : Flx_extgcd_pre(GEN x, GEN y, ulong p, ulong pi, GEN *ptu, GEN *ptv)
    2311             : {
    2312     6353524 :   pari_sp av = avma;
    2313             :   GEN d;
    2314     6353524 :   long lim = get_Fl_threshold(p, Flx_EXTGCD_LIMIT, Flx_EXTGCD2_LIMIT);
    2315     6353534 :   if (lgpol(y) >= lim)
    2316      147554 :     d = Flx_extgcd_halfgcd(x, y, p, pi, ptu, ptv);
    2317             :   else
    2318     6205972 :     d = Flx_extgcd_basecase(x, y, p, pi, ptu, ptv);
    2319     6353381 :   return gc_all(av, ptu?3:2, &d, ptv, ptu);
    2320             : }
    2321             : GEN
    2322      854724 : Flx_extgcd(GEN x, GEN y, ulong p, GEN *ptu, GEN *ptv)
    2323      854724 : { return Flx_extgcd_pre(x, y, p, SMALL_ULONG(p)? 0: get_Fl_red(p), ptu, ptv); }
    2324             : 
    2325             : static GEN
    2326        1044 : Flx_halfres_pre(GEN x, GEN y, ulong p, ulong pi, GEN *a, GEN *b, ulong *r)
    2327             : {
    2328             :   struct Flx_res res;
    2329             :   GEN R;
    2330             :   long dB;
    2331             : 
    2332        1044 :   res.res  = *r;
    2333        1044 :   res.lc   = Flx_lead(y);
    2334        1044 :   res.deg0 = degpol(x);
    2335        1044 :   res.deg1 = degpol(y);
    2336        1044 :   res.off = 0;
    2337        1044 :   R = Flx_halfres_i(x, y, p, pi, a, b, &res);
    2338        1044 :   dB = degpol(*b);
    2339        1044 :   if (dB < degpol(y))
    2340        1044 :     Flx_halfres_update_pre(res.deg0, res.deg1, dB, p, pi, &res);
    2341        1044 :   *r = res.res;
    2342        1044 :   return R;
    2343             : }
    2344             : 
    2345             : static ulong
    2346    10265798 : Flx_resultant_basecase_pre(GEN a, GEN b, ulong p, ulong pi)
    2347             : {
    2348             :   pari_sp av;
    2349             :   long da,db,dc;
    2350    10265798 :   ulong lb, res = 1UL;
    2351             :   GEN c;
    2352             : 
    2353    10265798 :   da = degpol(a);
    2354    10265667 :   db = degpol(b);
    2355    10265761 :   if (db > da)
    2356             :   {
    2357           0 :     swapspec(a,b, da,db);
    2358           0 :     if (both_odd(da,db)) res = p-res;
    2359             :   }
    2360    10265761 :   else if (!da) return 1; /* = res * a[2] ^ db, since 0 <= db <= da = 0 */
    2361    10265761 :   av = avma;
    2362   107299699 :   while (db)
    2363             :   {
    2364    97056039 :     lb = b[db+2];
    2365    97056039 :     c = Flx_rem_pre(a,b, p,pi);
    2366    96773601 :     a = b; b = c; dc = degpol(c);
    2367    96741007 :     if (dc < 0) return gc_long(av,0);
    2368             : 
    2369    96735529 :     if (both_odd(da,db)) res = p - res;
    2370    96714543 :     if (lb != 1) res = Fl_mul(res, Fl_powu_pre(lb, da - dc, p, pi), p);
    2371    97038303 :     if (gc_needed(av,2))
    2372             :     {
    2373           0 :       if (DEBUGMEM>1) pari_warn(warnmem,"Flx_resultant (da = %ld)",da);
    2374           0 :       gerepileall(av,2, &a,&b);
    2375             :     }
    2376    97033938 :     da = db; /* = degpol(a) */
    2377    97033938 :     db = dc; /* = degpol(b) */
    2378             :   }
    2379    10243660 :   return gc_ulong(av, Fl_mul(res, Fl_powu_pre(b[2], da, p, pi), p));
    2380             : }
    2381             : 
    2382             : ulong
    2383    10267815 : Flx_resultant_pre(GEN x, GEN y, ulong p, ulong pi)
    2384             : {
    2385    10267815 :   pari_sp av = avma;
    2386             :   long lim;
    2387    10267815 :   ulong res = 1;
    2388    10267815 :   long dx = degpol(x), dy = degpol(y);
    2389    10267360 :   if (dx < 0 || dy < 0) return 0;
    2390    10265918 :   if (dx < dy)
    2391             :   {
    2392     1064997 :     swap(x,y);
    2393     1064997 :     if (both_odd(dx, dy))
    2394        1906 :       res = Fl_neg(res, p);
    2395             :   }
    2396    10265918 :   lim = get_Fl_threshold(p, Flx_GCD_LIMIT, Flx_GCD2_LIMIT);
    2397    10266777 :   while (lgpol(y) >= lim)
    2398             :   {
    2399         852 :     if (lgpol(y)<=(lgpol(x)>>1))
    2400             :     {
    2401           0 :       GEN r = Flx_rem_pre(x, y, p, pi);
    2402           0 :       long dx = degpol(x), dy = degpol(y), dr = degpol(r);
    2403           0 :       ulong ly = y[dy+2];
    2404           0 :       if (ly != 1) res = Fl_mul(res, Fl_powu_pre(ly, dx - dr, p, pi), p);
    2405           0 :       if (both_odd(dx, dy))
    2406           0 :         res = Fl_neg(res, p);
    2407           0 :       x = y; y = r;
    2408             :     }
    2409         852 :     (void) Flx_halfres_pre(x, y, p, pi, &x, &y, &res);
    2410         852 :     if (gc_needed(av,2))
    2411             :     {
    2412           0 :       if (DEBUGMEM>1) pari_warn(warnmem,"Flx_res (y = %ld)",degpol(y));
    2413           0 :       gerepileall(av,2,&x,&y);
    2414             :     }
    2415             :   }
    2416    10265801 :   return gc_ulong(av, Fl_mul(res, Flx_resultant_basecase_pre(x, y, p, pi), p));
    2417             : }
    2418             : 
    2419             : ulong
    2420     4731491 : Flx_resultant(GEN a, GEN b, ulong p)
    2421     4731491 : { return Flx_resultant_pre(a, b, p, SMALL_ULONG(p)? 0: get_Fl_red(p)); }
    2422             : 
    2423             : /* If resultant is 0, *ptU and *ptV are not set */
    2424             : static ulong
    2425          53 : Flx_extresultant_basecase(GEN a, GEN b, ulong p, ulong pi, GEN *ptU, GEN *ptV)
    2426             : {
    2427          53 :   GEN z,q,u,v, x = a, y = b;
    2428          53 :   ulong lb, res = 1UL;
    2429          53 :   pari_sp av = avma;
    2430             :   long dx, dy, dz;
    2431          53 :   long vs = a[1];
    2432             : 
    2433          53 :   u = pol0_Flx(vs);
    2434          53 :   v = pol1_Flx(vs); /* v = 1 */
    2435          53 :   dx = degpol(x);
    2436          53 :   dy = degpol(y);
    2437         764 :   while (dy)
    2438             :   { /* b u = x (a), b v = y (a) */
    2439         711 :     lb = y[dy+2];
    2440         711 :     q = Flx_divrem_pre(x,y, p, pi, &z);
    2441         711 :     x = y; y = z; /* (x,y) = (y, x - q y) */
    2442         711 :     dz = degpol(z); if (dz < 0) return gc_ulong(av,0);
    2443         711 :     z = Flx_sub(u, Flx_mul_pre(q,v, p, pi), p);
    2444         711 :     u = v; v = z; /* (u,v) = (v, u - q v) */
    2445             : 
    2446         711 :     if (both_odd(dx,dy)) res = p - res;
    2447         711 :     if (lb != 1) res = Fl_mul(res, Fl_powu_pre(lb, dx-dz, p, pi), p);
    2448         711 :     dx = dy; /* = degpol(x) */
    2449         711 :     dy = dz; /* = degpol(y) */
    2450             :   }
    2451          53 :   res = Fl_mul(res, Fl_powu_pre(y[2], dx, p, pi), p);
    2452          53 :   lb = Fl_mul(res, Fl_inv(y[2],p), p);
    2453          53 :   v = gerepileuptoleaf(av, Flx_Fl_mul_pre(v, lb, p, pi));
    2454          53 :   av = avma;
    2455          53 :   u = Flx_sub(Fl_to_Flx(res,vs), Flx_mul_pre(b,v,p,pi), p);
    2456          53 :   u = gerepileuptoleaf(av, Flx_div_pre(u,a,p,pi)); /* = (res - b v) / a */
    2457          53 :   *ptU = u;
    2458          53 :   *ptV = v; return res;
    2459             : }
    2460             : 
    2461             : ulong
    2462          53 : Flx_extresultant_pre(GEN x, GEN y, ulong p, ulong pi, GEN *ptU, GEN *ptV)
    2463             : {
    2464          53 :   pari_sp av=avma;
    2465             :   GEN u, v, R;
    2466          53 :   long lim = get_Fl_threshold(p, Flx_EXTGCD_LIMIT, Flx_EXTGCD2_LIMIT);
    2467          53 :   ulong res = 1, res1;
    2468          53 :   long dx = degpol(x), dy = degpol(y);
    2469          53 :   if (dy > dx)
    2470             :   {
    2471          13 :     swap(x,y); lswap(dx,dy);
    2472          13 :     if (both_odd(dx,dy)) res = p-res;
    2473          13 :     R = matJ2_FlxM(x[1]);
    2474          40 :   } else R = matid2_FlxM(x[1]);
    2475          53 :   if (dy < 0) return 0;
    2476         245 :   while (lgpol(y) >= lim)
    2477             :   {
    2478             :     GEN M;
    2479         192 :     if (lgpol(y)<=(lgpol(x)>>1))
    2480             :     {
    2481          20 :       GEN r, q = Flx_divrem_pre(x, y, p, pi, &r);
    2482          20 :       long dx = degpol(x), dy = degpol(y), dr = degpol(r);
    2483          20 :       ulong ly = y[dy+2];
    2484          20 :       if (ly != 1) res = Fl_mul(res, Fl_powu_pre(ly, dx - dr, p, pi), p);
    2485          20 :       if (both_odd(dx, dy))
    2486           0 :         res = Fl_neg(res, p);
    2487          20 :       x = y; y = r;
    2488          20 :       R = Flx_FlxM_qmul(q, R, p,pi);
    2489             :     }
    2490         192 :     M = Flx_halfres_pre(x, y, p, pi, &x, &y, &res);
    2491         192 :     if (!res) return gc_ulong(av, 0);
    2492         192 :     R = FlxM_mul2(M, R, p, pi);
    2493         192 :     gerepileall(av,3,&x,&y,&R);
    2494             :   }
    2495          53 :   res1 = Flx_extresultant_basecase(x,y,p,pi,&u,&v);
    2496          53 :   if (!res1) return gc_ulong(av, 0);
    2497          53 :   *ptU = Flx_Fl_mul_pre(Flx_addmulmul(u, v, gcoeff(R,1,1), gcoeff(R,2,1), p, pi), res, p, pi);
    2498          53 :   *ptV = Flx_Fl_mul_pre(Flx_addmulmul(u, v, gcoeff(R,1,2), gcoeff(R,2,2), p, pi), res, p, pi);
    2499          53 :   gerepileall(av, 2, ptU, ptV);
    2500          53 :   return Fl_mul(res1,res,p);
    2501             : }
    2502             : 
    2503             : ulong
    2504          53 : Flx_extresultant(GEN a, GEN b, ulong p, GEN *ptU, GEN *ptV)
    2505          53 : { return Flx_extresultant_pre(a, b, p, SMALL_ULONG(p)? 0: get_Fl_red(p), ptU, ptV); }
    2506             : 
    2507             : /* allow pi = 0 (SMALL_ULONG) */
    2508             : ulong
    2509    43893966 : Flx_eval_powers_pre(GEN x, GEN y, ulong p, ulong pi)
    2510             : {
    2511    43893966 :   ulong l0, l1, h0, h1, v1,  i = 1, lx = lg(x)-1;
    2512             : 
    2513    43893966 :   if (lx == 1) return 0;
    2514    41133419 :   x++;
    2515    41133419 :   if (pi)
    2516             :   {
    2517             :     LOCAL_OVERFLOW;
    2518             :     LOCAL_HIREMAINDER;
    2519    41068199 :     l1 = mulll(uel(x,i), uel(y,i)); h1 = hiremainder; v1 = 0;
    2520    98027807 :     while (++i < lx)
    2521             :     {
    2522    56959608 :       l0 = mulll(uel(x,i), uel(y,i)); h0 = hiremainder;
    2523    56959608 :       l1 = addll(l0, l1); h1 = addllx(h0, h1); v1 += overflow;
    2524             :     }
    2525       81113 :     return v1? remlll_pre(v1, h1, l1, p, pi)
    2526    41149312 :              : remll_pre(h1, l1, p, pi);
    2527             :   }
    2528             :   else
    2529             :   {
    2530       65220 :     l1 = x[i] * y[i];
    2531    30930098 :     while (++i < lx) { l1 += x[i] * y[i]; if (l1 & HIGHBIT) l1 %= p; }
    2532       65220 :     return l1 % p;
    2533             :   }
    2534             : }
    2535             : 
    2536             : /* allow pi = 0 (SMALL_ULONG) */
    2537             : ulong
    2538   100656776 : Flx_eval_pre(GEN x, ulong y, ulong p, ulong pi)
    2539             : {
    2540   100656776 :   long i, n = degpol(x);
    2541             :   ulong t;
    2542   100656564 :   if (n <= 0) return n? 0: x[2];
    2543    32939335 :   if (n > 15)
    2544             :   {
    2545      180317 :     pari_sp av = avma;
    2546      180317 :     GEN v = Fl_powers_pre(y, n, p, pi);
    2547      180343 :     return gc_ulong(av, Flx_eval_powers_pre(x, v, p, pi));
    2548             :   }
    2549    32759018 :   i = n+2; t = x[i];
    2550    32759018 :   if (pi)
    2551             :   {
    2552   123167776 :     for (i--; i>=2; i--) t = Fl_addmul_pre(uel(x, i), t, y, p, pi);
    2553    31657036 :     return t;
    2554             :   }
    2555     2670510 :   for (i--; i>=2; i--) t = (t * y + x[i]) % p;
    2556     1114774 :   return t %= p;
    2557             : }
    2558             : ulong
    2559    20398143 : Flx_eval(GEN x, ulong y, ulong p)
    2560    20398143 : { return Flx_eval_pre(x, y, p, SMALL_ULONG(p)? 0: get_Fl_red(p)); }
    2561             : 
    2562             : ulong
    2563        3255 : Flv_prod_pre(GEN x, ulong p, ulong pi)
    2564             : {
    2565        3255 :   pari_sp ltop = avma;
    2566             :   GEN v;
    2567        3255 :   long i,k,lx = lg(x);
    2568        3255 :   if (lx == 1) return 1UL;
    2569        3255 :   if (lx == 2) return uel(x,1);
    2570        3003 :   v = cgetg(1+(lx << 1), t_VECSMALL);
    2571        3003 :   k = 1;
    2572       28593 :   for (i=1; i<lx-1; i+=2)
    2573       25590 :     uel(v,k++) = Fl_mul_pre(uel(x,i), uel(x,i+1), p, pi);
    2574        3003 :   if (i < lx) uel(v,k++) = uel(x,i);
    2575       13529 :   while (k > 2)
    2576             :   {
    2577       10526 :     lx = k; k = 1;
    2578       36116 :     for (i=1; i<lx-1; i+=2)
    2579       25590 :       uel(v,k++) = Fl_mul_pre(uel(v,i), uel(v,i+1), p, pi);
    2580       10526 :     if (i < lx) uel(v,k++) = uel(v,i);
    2581             :   }
    2582        3003 :   return gc_ulong(ltop, uel(v,1));
    2583             : }
    2584             : 
    2585             : ulong
    2586           0 : Flv_prod(GEN v, ulong p)
    2587             : {
    2588           0 :   return Flv_prod_pre(v, p, get_Fl_red(p));
    2589             : }
    2590             : 
    2591             : GEN
    2592           0 : FlxV_prod(GEN V, ulong p)
    2593             : {
    2594             :   struct _Flxq D;
    2595           0 :   D.T = NULL; D.aut = NULL; D.p = p; D.pi = SMALL_ULONG(p)? 0: get_Fl_red(p);
    2596           0 :   return gen_product(V, (void *)&D, &_Flx_mul);
    2597             : }
    2598             : 
    2599             : /* compute prod (x - a[i]) */
    2600             : GEN
    2601      737511 : Flv_roots_to_pol(GEN a, ulong p, long vs)
    2602             : {
    2603             :   struct _Flxq D;
    2604      737511 :   long i,k,lx = lg(a);
    2605             :   GEN p1;
    2606      737511 :   if (lx == 1) return pol1_Flx(vs);
    2607      737511 :   p1 = cgetg(lx, t_VEC);
    2608    11915746 :   for (k=1,i=1; i<lx-1; i+=2)
    2609    11177163 :     gel(p1,k++) = mkvecsmall4(vs, Fl_mul(a[i], a[i+1], p),
    2610    11178481 :                               Fl_neg(Fl_add(a[i],a[i+1],p),p), 1);
    2611      737265 :   if (i < lx)
    2612       58112 :     gel(p1,k++) = mkvecsmall3(vs, Fl_neg(a[i],p), 1);
    2613      737262 :   D.T = NULL; D.aut = NULL; D.p = p; D.pi = SMALL_ULONG(p)? 0: get_Fl_red(p);
    2614      737261 :   setlg(p1, k); return gen_product(p1, (void *)&D, _Flx_mul);
    2615             : }
    2616             : 
    2617             : /* set v[i] = w[i]^{-1}; may be called with w = v, suitable for "large" p */
    2618             : INLINE void
    2619    19074774 : Flv_inv_pre_indir(GEN w, GEN v, ulong p, ulong pi)
    2620             : {
    2621    19074774 :   pari_sp av = avma;
    2622    19074774 :   long n = lg(w), i;
    2623             :   ulong u;
    2624             :   GEN c;
    2625             : 
    2626    19074774 :   if (n == 1) return;
    2627    19074774 :   c = cgetg(n, t_VECSMALL); c[1] = w[1];
    2628    80778540 :   for (i = 2; i < n; ++i) c[i] = Fl_mul_pre(w[i], c[i-1], p, pi);
    2629    19159461 :   i = n-1; u = Fl_inv(c[i], p);
    2630    80911087 :   for ( ; i > 1; --i)
    2631             :   {
    2632    61750518 :     ulong t = Fl_mul_pre(u, c[i-1], p, pi);
    2633    61723205 :     u = Fl_mul_pre(u, w[i], p, pi); v[i] = t;
    2634             :   }
    2635    19160569 :   v[1] = u; set_avma(av);
    2636             : }
    2637             : 
    2638             : void
    2639    18466568 : Flv_inv_pre_inplace(GEN v, ulong p, ulong pi) { Flv_inv_pre_indir(v,v, p, pi); }
    2640             : 
    2641             : GEN
    2642       10850 : Flv_inv_pre(GEN w, ulong p, ulong pi)
    2643       10850 : { GEN v = cgetg(lg(w), t_VECSMALL); Flv_inv_pre_indir(w, v, p, pi); return v; }
    2644             : 
    2645             : /* set v[i] = w[i]^{-1}; may be called with w = v, suitable for SMALL_ULONG p */
    2646             : INLINE void
    2647       49736 : Flv_inv_indir(GEN w, GEN v, ulong p)
    2648             : {
    2649       49736 :   pari_sp av = avma;
    2650       49736 :   long n = lg(w), i;
    2651             :   ulong u;
    2652             :   GEN c;
    2653             : 
    2654       49736 :   if (n == 1) return;
    2655       49736 :   c = cgetg(n, t_VECSMALL); c[1] = w[1];
    2656     1718602 :   for (i = 2; i < n; ++i) c[i] = Fl_mul(w[i], c[i-1], p);
    2657       49738 :   i = n-1; u = Fl_inv(c[i], p);
    2658     1718599 :   for ( ; i > 1; --i)
    2659             :   {
    2660     1668864 :     ulong t = Fl_mul(u, c[i-1], p);
    2661     1668863 :     u = Fl_mul(u, w[i], p); v[i] = t;
    2662             :   }
    2663       49735 :   v[1] = u; set_avma(av);
    2664             : }
    2665             : static void
    2666      635685 : Flv_inv_i(GEN v, GEN w, ulong p)
    2667             : {
    2668      635685 :   if (SMALL_ULONG(p)) Flv_inv_indir(w, v, p);
    2669      585949 :   else Flv_inv_pre_indir(w, v, p, get_Fl_red(p));
    2670      635683 : }
    2671             : void
    2672       12017 : Flv_inv_inplace(GEN v, ulong p) { Flv_inv_i(v, v, p); }
    2673             : GEN
    2674      623672 : Flv_inv(GEN w, ulong p)
    2675      623672 : { GEN v = cgetg(lg(w), t_VECSMALL); Flv_inv_i(v, w, p); return v; }
    2676             : 
    2677             : GEN
    2678    33043369 : Flx_div_by_X_x(GEN a, ulong x, ulong p, ulong *rem)
    2679             : {
    2680    33043369 :   long l = lg(a), i;
    2681             :   GEN a0, z0, z;
    2682    33043369 :   if (l <= 3)
    2683             :   {
    2684           0 :     if (rem) *rem = l == 2? 0: a[2];
    2685           0 :     return zero_Flx(a[1]);
    2686             :   }
    2687    33043369 :   z = cgetg(l-1,t_VECSMALL); z[1] = a[1];
    2688    32927581 :   a0 = a + l-1;
    2689    32927581 :   z0 = z + l-2; *z0 = *a0--;
    2690    32927581 :   if (SMALL_ULONG(p))
    2691             :   {
    2692    79759741 :     for (i=l-3; i>1; i--) /* z[i] = (a[i+1] + x*z[i+1]) % p */
    2693             :     {
    2694    59095300 :       ulong t = (*a0-- + x *  *z0--) % p;
    2695    59095300 :       *z0 = (long)t;
    2696             :     }
    2697    20664441 :     if (rem) *rem = (*a0 + x *  *z0) % p;
    2698             :   }
    2699             :   else
    2700             :   {
    2701    48362263 :     for (i=l-3; i>1; i--)
    2702             :     {
    2703    36086175 :       ulong t = Fl_add((ulong)*a0--, Fl_mul(x, *z0--, p), p);
    2704    36099123 :       *z0 = (long)t;
    2705             :     }
    2706    12276088 :     if (rem) *rem = Fl_add((ulong)*a0, Fl_mul(x, *z0, p), p);
    2707             :   }
    2708    32944912 :   return z;
    2709             : }
    2710             : 
    2711             : /* xa, ya = t_VECSMALL */
    2712             : static GEN
    2713      624871 : Flv_producttree(GEN xa, GEN s, ulong p, ulong pi, long vs)
    2714             : {
    2715      624871 :   long n = lg(xa)-1;
    2716      624871 :   long m = n==1 ? 1: expu(n-1)+1;
    2717      624871 :   long i, j, k, ls = lg(s);
    2718      624871 :   GEN T = cgetg(m+1, t_VEC);
    2719      624861 :   GEN t = cgetg(ls, t_VEC);
    2720     7832968 :   for (j=1, k=1; j<ls; k+=s[j++])
    2721     7207986 :     gel(t, j) = s[j] == 1 ?
    2722     7208105 :              mkvecsmall3(vs, Fl_neg(xa[k], p), 1):
    2723     1516036 :              mkvecsmall4(vs, Fl_mul(xa[k], xa[k+1], p),
    2724     1516046 :                  Fl_neg(Fl_add(xa[k],xa[k+1],p),p), 1);
    2725      624863 :   gel(T,1) = t;
    2726     2356053 :   for (i=2; i<=m; i++)
    2727             :   {
    2728     1731259 :     GEN u = gel(T, i-1);
    2729     1731259 :     long n = lg(u)-1;
    2730     1731259 :     GEN t = cgetg(((n+1)>>1)+1, t_VEC);
    2731     8313829 :     for (j=1, k=1; k<n; j++, k+=2)
    2732     6582639 :       gel(t, j) = Flx_mul_pre(gel(u, k), gel(u, k+1), p, pi);
    2733     1731190 :     gel(T, i) = t;
    2734             :   }
    2735      624794 :   return T;
    2736             : }
    2737             : 
    2738             : static GEN
    2739      665172 : Flx_Flv_multieval_tree(GEN P, GEN xa, GEN T, ulong p, ulong pi)
    2740             : {
    2741             :   long i,j,k;
    2742      665172 :   long m = lg(T)-1;
    2743      665172 :   GEN R = cgetg(lg(xa), t_VECSMALL);
    2744      665169 :   GEN Tp = cgetg(m+1, t_VEC), t;
    2745      665164 :   gel(Tp, m) = mkvec(P);
    2746     2581729 :   for (i=m-1; i>=1; i--)
    2747             :   {
    2748     1916563 :     GEN u = gel(T, i), v = gel(Tp, i+1);
    2749     1916563 :     long n = lg(u)-1;
    2750     1916563 :     t = cgetg(n+1, t_VEC);
    2751     9529670 :     for (j=1, k=1; k<n; j++, k+=2)
    2752             :     {
    2753     7613105 :       gel(t, k)   = Flx_rem_pre(gel(v, j), gel(u, k), p, pi);
    2754     7613246 :       gel(t, k+1) = Flx_rem_pre(gel(v, j), gel(u, k+1), p, pi);
    2755             :     }
    2756     1916565 :     gel(Tp, i) = t;
    2757             :   }
    2758             :   {
    2759      665166 :     GEN u = gel(T, i+1), v = gel(Tp, i+1);
    2760      665166 :     long n = lg(u)-1;
    2761     8945663 :     for (j=1, k=1; j<=n; j++)
    2762             :     {
    2763     8280478 :       long c, d = degpol(gel(u,j));
    2764    18326373 :       for (c=1; c<=d; c++, k++) R[k] = Flx_eval_pre(gel(v, j), xa[k], p, pi);
    2765             :     }
    2766      665185 :     return gc_const((pari_sp)R, R);
    2767             :   }
    2768             : }
    2769             : 
    2770             : static GEN
    2771     1386409 : FlvV_polint_tree(GEN T, GEN R, GEN s, GEN xa, GEN ya, ulong p, ulong pi, long vs)
    2772             : {
    2773     1386409 :   pari_sp av = avma;
    2774     1386409 :   long m = lg(T)-1;
    2775     1386409 :   long i, j, k, ls = lg(s);
    2776     1386409 :   GEN Tp = cgetg(m+1, t_VEC);
    2777     1386048 :   GEN t = cgetg(ls, t_VEC);
    2778    24960402 :   for (j=1, k=1; j<ls; k+=s[j++])
    2779    23574537 :     if (s[j]==2)
    2780             :     {
    2781     6940199 :       ulong a = Fl_mul(ya[k], R[k], p);
    2782     6939800 :       ulong b = Fl_mul(ya[k+1], R[k+1], p);
    2783     6946206 :       gel(t, j) = mkvecsmall3(vs, Fl_neg(Fl_add(Fl_mul(xa[k], b, p ),
    2784     6939892 :                   Fl_mul(xa[k+1], a, p), p), p), Fl_add(a, b, p));
    2785     6943934 :       gel(t, j) = Flx_renormalize(gel(t, j), 4);
    2786             :     }
    2787             :     else
    2788    16634338 :       gel(t, j) = Fl_to_Flx(Fl_mul(ya[k], R[k], p), vs);
    2789     1385865 :   gel(Tp, 1) = t;
    2790     6388039 :   for (i=2; i<=m; i++)
    2791             :   {
    2792     5002216 :     GEN u = gel(T, i-1);
    2793     5002216 :     GEN t = cgetg(lg(gel(T,i)), t_VEC);
    2794     5000074 :     GEN v = gel(Tp, i-1);
    2795     5000074 :     long n = lg(v)-1;
    2796    27155296 :     for (j=1, k=1; k<n; j++, k+=2)
    2797    22143922 :       gel(t, j) = Flx_add(Flx_mul_pre(gel(u, k), gel(v, k+1), p, pi),
    2798    22153122 :                           Flx_mul_pre(gel(u, k+1), gel(v, k), p, pi), p);
    2799     5002174 :     gel(Tp, i) = t;
    2800             :   }
    2801     1385823 :   return gerepileuptoleaf(av, gmael(Tp,m,1));
    2802             : }
    2803             : 
    2804             : GEN
    2805           0 : Flx_Flv_multieval(GEN P, GEN xa, ulong p)
    2806             : {
    2807           0 :   pari_sp av = avma;
    2808           0 :   GEN s = producttree_scheme(lg(xa)-1);
    2809           0 :   ulong pi = SMALL_ULONG(p)? 0: get_Fl_red(p);
    2810           0 :   GEN T = Flv_producttree(xa, s, p, pi, P[1]);
    2811           0 :   return gerepileuptoleaf(av, Flx_Flv_multieval_tree(P, xa, T, p, pi));
    2812             : }
    2813             : 
    2814             : static GEN
    2815        2471 : FlxV_Flv_multieval_tree(GEN x, GEN xa, GEN T, ulong p, ulong pi)
    2816       45247 : { pari_APPLY_same(Flx_Flv_multieval_tree(gel(x,i), xa, T, p, pi)) }
    2817             : 
    2818             : GEN
    2819        2471 : FlxV_Flv_multieval(GEN P, GEN xa, ulong p)
    2820             : {
    2821        2471 :   pari_sp av = avma;
    2822        2471 :   GEN s = producttree_scheme(lg(xa)-1);
    2823        2471 :   ulong pi = SMALL_ULONG(p)? 0: get_Fl_red(p);
    2824        2471 :   GEN T = Flv_producttree(xa, s, p, pi, P[1]);
    2825        2471 :   return gerepileupto(av, FlxV_Flv_multieval_tree(P, xa, T, p, pi));
    2826             : }
    2827             : 
    2828             : GEN
    2829      368326 : Flv_polint(GEN xa, GEN ya, ulong p, long vs)
    2830             : {
    2831      368326 :   pari_sp av = avma;
    2832      368326 :   GEN s = producttree_scheme(lg(xa)-1);
    2833      368329 :   ulong pi = SMALL_ULONG(p)? 0: get_Fl_red(p);
    2834      368327 :   GEN T = Flv_producttree(xa, s, p, pi, vs);
    2835      368328 :   long m = lg(T)-1;
    2836      368328 :   GEN P = Flx_deriv(gmael(T, m, 1), p);
    2837      368328 :   GEN R = Flv_inv(Flx_Flv_multieval_tree(P, xa, T, p, pi), p);
    2838      368325 :   return gerepileuptoleaf(av, FlvV_polint_tree(T, R, s, xa, ya, p, pi, vs));
    2839             : }
    2840             : 
    2841             : GEN
    2842      101076 : Flv_Flm_polint(GEN xa, GEN ya, ulong p, long vs)
    2843             : {
    2844      101076 :   pari_sp av = avma;
    2845      101076 :   GEN s = producttree_scheme(lg(xa)-1);
    2846      101078 :   ulong pi = SMALL_ULONG(p)? 0: get_Fl_red(p);
    2847      101078 :   GEN T = Flv_producttree(xa, s, p, pi, vs);
    2848      101076 :   long i, m = lg(T)-1, l = lg(ya)-1;
    2849      101076 :   GEN P = Flx_deriv(gmael(T, m, 1), p);
    2850      101073 :   GEN R = Flv_inv(Flx_Flv_multieval_tree(P, xa, T, p, pi), p);
    2851      101074 :   GEN M = cgetg(l+1, t_VEC);
    2852     1118973 :   for (i=1; i<=l; i++)
    2853     1017904 :     gel(M,i) = FlvV_polint_tree(T, R, s, xa, gel(ya,i), p, pi, vs);
    2854      101069 :   return gerepileupto(av, M);
    2855             : }
    2856             : 
    2857             : GEN
    2858      152995 : Flv_invVandermonde(GEN L, ulong den, ulong p)
    2859             : {
    2860      152995 :   pari_sp av = avma;
    2861      152995 :   long i, n = lg(L);
    2862             :   GEN M, R;
    2863      152995 :   GEN s = producttree_scheme(n-1);
    2864      152995 :   ulong pi = SMALL_ULONG(p)? 0: get_Fl_red(p);
    2865      152995 :   GEN tree = Flv_producttree(L, s, p, pi, 0);
    2866      152995 :   long m = lg(tree)-1;
    2867      152995 :   GEN T = gmael(tree, m, 1);
    2868      152995 :   R = Flv_inv(Flx_Flv_multieval_tree(Flx_deriv(T, p), L, tree, p, pi), p);
    2869      152995 :   if (den!=1) R = Flv_Fl_mul(R, den, p);
    2870      152995 :   M = cgetg(n, t_MAT);
    2871      600537 :   for (i = 1; i < n; i++)
    2872             :   {
    2873      447542 :     GEN P = Flx_Fl_mul(Flx_div_by_X_x(T, uel(L,i), p, NULL), uel(R,i), p);
    2874      447542 :     gel(M,i) = Flx_to_Flv(P, n-1);
    2875             :   }
    2876      152995 :   return gerepilecopy(av, M);
    2877             : }
    2878             : 
    2879             : /***********************************************************************/
    2880             : /**                               Flxq                                **/
    2881             : /***********************************************************************/
    2882             : /* Flxq objects are Flx modulo another Flx called q. */
    2883             : 
    2884             : /* Product of y and x in Z/pZ[X]/(T), as t_VECSMALL. */
    2885             : GEN
    2886   193234228 : Flxq_mul_pre(GEN x,GEN y,GEN T,ulong p,ulong pi)
    2887   193234228 : { return Flx_rem_pre(Flx_mul_pre(x,y,p,pi),T,p,pi); }
    2888             : GEN
    2889    13191903 : Flxq_mul(GEN x,GEN y,GEN T,ulong p)
    2890    13191903 : { return Flxq_mul_pre(x,y,T,p, SMALL_ULONG(p)? 0: get_Fl_red(p)); }
    2891             : 
    2892             : GEN
    2893   279754090 : Flxq_sqr_pre(GEN x,GEN T,ulong p,ulong pi)
    2894   279754090 : { return Flx_rem_pre(Flx_sqr_pre(x, p,pi), T, p,pi); }
    2895             : /* Square of y in Z/pZ[X]/(T), as t_VECSMALL. */
    2896             : GEN
    2897     2757886 : Flxq_sqr(GEN x,GEN T,ulong p)
    2898     2757886 : { return Flxq_sqr_pre(x,T,p,SMALL_ULONG(p)? 0: get_Fl_red(p)); }
    2899             : 
    2900             : static GEN
    2901     1551415 : _Flxq_red(void *E, GEN x)
    2902     1551415 : { struct _Flxq *s = (struct _Flxq *)E;
    2903     1551415 :   return Flx_rem_pre(x, s->T, s->p, s->pi); }
    2904             : #if 0
    2905             : static GEN
    2906             : _Flx_sub(void *E, GEN x, GEN y)
    2907             : { struct _Flxq *s = (struct _Flxq *)E;
    2908             :   return Flx_sub(x,y,s->p); }
    2909             : #endif
    2910             : static GEN
    2911   271927589 : _Flxq_sqr(void *data, GEN x)
    2912             : {
    2913   271927589 :   struct _Flxq *D = (struct _Flxq*)data;
    2914   271927589 :   return Flxq_sqr_pre(x, D->T, D->p, D->pi);
    2915             : }
    2916             : static GEN
    2917   152315845 : _Flxq_mul(void *data, GEN x, GEN y)
    2918             : {
    2919   152315845 :   struct _Flxq *D = (struct _Flxq*)data;
    2920   152315845 :   return Flxq_mul_pre(x,y, D->T, D->p, D->pi);
    2921             : }
    2922             : static GEN
    2923    22219247 : _Flxq_one(void *data)
    2924             : {
    2925    22219247 :   struct _Flxq *D = (struct _Flxq*)data;
    2926    22219247 :   return pol1_Flx(get_Flx_var(D->T));
    2927             : }
    2928             : 
    2929             : static GEN
    2930    22885934 : _Flxq_powu_i(struct _Flxq *D, GEN x, ulong n)
    2931    22885934 : { return gen_powu_i(x, n, (void*)D, &_Flxq_sqr, &_Flxq_mul); }
    2932             : static GEN
    2933          68 : _Flxq_powu(struct _Flxq *D, GEN x, ulong n)
    2934          68 : { pari_sp av = avma; return gerepileuptoleaf(av, _Flxq_powu_i(D, x, n)); }
    2935             : /* n-Power of x in Z/pZ[X]/(T), as t_VECSMALL. */
    2936             : GEN
    2937    24134666 : Flxq_powu_pre(GEN x, ulong n, GEN T, ulong p, ulong pi)
    2938             : {
    2939             :   pari_sp av;
    2940             :   struct _Flxq D;
    2941    24134666 :   switch(n)
    2942             :   {
    2943           0 :     case 0: return pol1_Flx(get_Flx_var(T));
    2944      275292 :     case 1: return Flx_copy(x);
    2945      972981 :     case 2: return Flxq_sqr_pre(x, T, p, pi);
    2946             :   }
    2947    22886393 :   av = avma; set_Flxq_pre(&D, T, p, pi);
    2948    22886247 :   return gerepileuptoleaf(av, _Flxq_powu_i(&D, x, n));
    2949             : }
    2950             : GEN
    2951      488180 : Flxq_powu(GEN x, ulong n, GEN T, ulong p)
    2952      488180 : { return Flxq_powu_pre(x, n, T, p, SMALL_ULONG(p)? 0: get_Fl_red(p)); }
    2953             : 
    2954             : /* n-Power of x in Z/pZ[X]/(T), as t_VECSMALL. */
    2955             : GEN
    2956    26054904 : Flxq_pow_pre(GEN x, GEN n, GEN T, ulong p, ulong pi)
    2957             : {
    2958    26054904 :   pari_sp av = avma;
    2959             :   struct _Flxq D;
    2960             :   GEN y;
    2961    26054904 :   long s = signe(n);
    2962    26054904 :   if (!s) return pol1_Flx(get_Flx_var(T));
    2963    25963907 :   if (s < 0) x = Flxq_inv_pre(x,T,p,pi);
    2964    25963916 :   if (is_pm1(n)) return s < 0 ? x : Flx_copy(x);
    2965    25325048 :   set_Flxq_pre(&D, T, p, pi);
    2966    25325084 :   y = gen_pow_i(x, n, (void*)&D, &_Flxq_sqr, &_Flxq_mul);
    2967    25324980 :   return gerepileuptoleaf(av, y);
    2968             : }
    2969             : GEN
    2970      931145 : Flxq_pow(GEN x, GEN n, GEN T, ulong p)
    2971      931145 : { return Flxq_pow_pre(x, n, T, p, SMALL_ULONG(p)? 0: get_Fl_red(p)); }
    2972             : 
    2973             : GEN
    2974          28 : Flxq_pow_init_pre(GEN x, GEN n, long k, GEN T, ulong p, ulong pi)
    2975             : {
    2976          28 :   struct _Flxq D; set_Flxq_pre(&D, T, p, pi);
    2977          28 :   return gen_pow_init(x, n, k, (void*)&D, &_Flxq_sqr, &_Flxq_mul);
    2978             : }
    2979             : GEN
    2980           0 : Flxq_pow_init(GEN x, GEN n, long k, GEN T, ulong p)
    2981           0 : { return Flxq_pow_init_pre(x, n, k, T, p, SMALL_ULONG(p)? 0: get_Fl_red(p)); }
    2982             : 
    2983             : GEN
    2984        4393 : Flxq_pow_table_pre(GEN R, GEN n, GEN T, ulong p, ulong pi)
    2985             : {
    2986        4393 :   struct _Flxq D; set_Flxq_pre(&D, T, p, pi);
    2987        4393 :   return gen_pow_table(R, n, (void*)&D, &_Flxq_one, &_Flxq_mul);
    2988             : }
    2989             : GEN
    2990           0 : Flxq_pow_table(GEN R, GEN n, GEN T, ulong p)
    2991           0 : { return Flxq_pow_table_pre(R, n, T, p, SMALL_ULONG(p)? 0: get_Fl_red(p)); }
    2992             : 
    2993             : /* Inverse of x in Z/lZ[X]/(T) or NULL if inverse doesn't exist
    2994             :  * not stack clean. */
    2995             : GEN
    2996     5498812 : Flxq_invsafe_pre(GEN x, GEN T, ulong p, ulong pi)
    2997             : {
    2998     5498812 :   GEN V, z = Flx_extgcd_pre(get_Flx_mod(T), x, p, pi, NULL, &V);
    2999             :   ulong iz;
    3000     5498938 :   if (degpol(z)) return NULL;
    3001     5498276 :   iz = Fl_inv(uel(z,2), p);
    3002     5498269 :   return Flx_Fl_mul_pre(V, iz, p, pi);
    3003             : }
    3004             : GEN
    3005      668882 : Flxq_invsafe(GEN x, GEN T, ulong p)
    3006      668882 : { return Flxq_invsafe_pre(x, T, p, SMALL_ULONG(p)? 0: get_Fl_red(p)); }
    3007             : 
    3008             : GEN
    3009     4372000 : Flxq_inv_pre(GEN x, GEN T, ulong p, ulong pi)
    3010             : {
    3011     4372000 :   pari_sp av=avma;
    3012     4372000 :   GEN U = Flxq_invsafe_pre(x, T, p, pi);
    3013     4371991 :   if (!U) pari_err_INV("Flxq_inv",Flx_to_ZX(x));
    3014     4371984 :   return gerepileuptoleaf(av, U);
    3015             : }
    3016             : GEN
    3017      335767 : Flxq_inv(GEN x, GEN T, ulong p)
    3018      335767 : { return Flxq_inv_pre(x, T, p, SMALL_ULONG(p)? 0: get_Fl_red(p)); }
    3019             : 
    3020             : GEN
    3021     2416590 : Flxq_div_pre(GEN x, GEN y, GEN T, ulong p, ulong pi)
    3022             : {
    3023     2416590 :   pari_sp av = avma;
    3024     2416590 :   return gerepileuptoleaf(av, Flxq_mul_pre(x,Flxq_inv_pre(y,T,p,pi),T,p,pi));
    3025             : }
    3026             : GEN
    3027      237703 : Flxq_div(GEN x, GEN y, GEN T, ulong p)
    3028      237703 : { return Flxq_div_pre(x, y, T, p, SMALL_ULONG(p)? 0: get_Fl_red(p)); }
    3029             : 
    3030             : GEN
    3031    22218903 : Flxq_powers_pre(GEN x, long l, GEN T, ulong p, ulong pi)
    3032             : {
    3033    22218903 :   int use_sqr = 2*degpol(x) >= get_Flx_degree(T);
    3034    22216826 :   struct _Flxq D; set_Flxq_pre(&D, T, p, pi);
    3035    22215331 :   return gen_powers(x, l, use_sqr, (void*)&D, &_Flxq_sqr, &_Flxq_mul, &_Flxq_one);
    3036             : }
    3037             : GEN
    3038      232069 : Flxq_powers(GEN x, long l, GEN T, ulong p)
    3039      232069 : { return Flxq_powers_pre(x, l, T, p, SMALL_ULONG(p)? 0: get_Fl_red(p)); }
    3040             : 
    3041             : GEN
    3042      170724 : Flxq_matrix_pow_pre(GEN y, long n, long m, GEN P, ulong l, ulong li)
    3043      170724 : { return FlxV_to_Flm(Flxq_powers_pre(y,m-1,P,l,li),n); }
    3044             : GEN
    3045         399 : Flxq_matrix_pow(GEN y, long n, long m, GEN P, ulong l)
    3046         399 : { return Flxq_matrix_pow_pre(y, n, m, P, l, SMALL_ULONG(l)? 0: get_Fl_red(l)); }
    3047             : 
    3048             : GEN
    3049    13673794 : Flx_Frobenius_pre(GEN T, ulong p, ulong pi)
    3050    13673794 : { return Flxq_powu_pre(polx_Flx(get_Flx_var(T)), p, T, p, pi); }
    3051             : GEN
    3052       86498 : Flx_Frobenius(GEN T, ulong p)
    3053       86498 : { return Flx_Frobenius_pre(T, p, SMALL_ULONG(p)? 0: get_Fl_red(p)); }
    3054             : 
    3055             : GEN
    3056       86613 : Flx_matFrobenius_pre(GEN T, ulong p, ulong pi)
    3057             : {
    3058       86613 :   long n = get_Flx_degree(T);
    3059       86613 :   return Flxq_matrix_pow_pre(Flx_Frobenius_pre(T, p, pi), n, n, T, p, pi);
    3060             : }
    3061             : GEN
    3062           0 : Flx_matFrobenius(GEN T, ulong p)
    3063           0 : { return Flx_matFrobenius_pre(T, p, SMALL_ULONG(p)? 0: get_Fl_red(p)); }
    3064             : 
    3065             : static GEN
    3066    12804537 : Flx_blocks_Flm(GEN P, long n, long m)
    3067             : {
    3068    12804537 :   GEN z = cgetg(m+1,t_MAT);
    3069    12804319 :   long i,j, k=2, l = lg(P);
    3070    36688635 :   for(i=1; i<=m; i++)
    3071             :   {
    3072    23888430 :     GEN zi = cgetg(n+1,t_VECSMALL);
    3073    23884316 :     gel(z,i) = zi;
    3074   110863430 :     for(j=1; j<=n; j++)
    3075    86979114 :       uel(zi, j) = k==l ? 0 : uel(P,k++);
    3076             :   }
    3077    12800205 :   return z;
    3078             : }
    3079             : 
    3080             : GEN
    3081      515984 : Flx_blocks(GEN P, long n, long m)
    3082             : {
    3083      515984 :   GEN z = cgetg(m+1,t_VEC);
    3084      515666 :   long i,j, k=2, l = lg(P);
    3085     1544992 :   for(i=1; i<=m; i++)
    3086             :   {
    3087     1029623 :     GEN zi = cgetg(n+2,t_VECSMALL);
    3088     1028699 :     zi[1] = P[1];
    3089     1028699 :     gel(z,i) = zi;
    3090     6454795 :     for(j=2; j<n+2; j++)
    3091     5426096 :       uel(zi, j) = k==l ? 0 : uel(P,k++);
    3092     1028699 :     zi = Flx_renormalize(zi, n+2);
    3093             :   }
    3094      515369 :   return z;
    3095             : }
    3096             : 
    3097             : static GEN
    3098    12805493 : FlxV_to_Flm_lg(GEN x, long m, long n)
    3099             : {
    3100             :   long i;
    3101    12805493 :   GEN y = cgetg(n+1, t_MAT);
    3102    60838255 :   for (i=1; i<=n; i++) gel(y,i) = Flx_to_Flv(gel(x,i), m);
    3103    12802444 :   return y;
    3104             : }
    3105             : 
    3106             : /* allow pi = 0 (SMALL_ULONG) */
    3107             : GEN
    3108    13003933 : Flx_FlxqV_eval_pre(GEN Q, GEN x, GEN T, ulong p, ulong pi)
    3109             : {
    3110    13003933 :   pari_sp btop, av = avma;
    3111    13003933 :   long sv = get_Flx_var(T), m = get_Flx_degree(T);
    3112    13004180 :   long i, l = lg(x)-1, lQ = lgpol(Q), n,  d;
    3113             :   GEN A, B, C, S, g;
    3114    13005001 :   if (lQ == 0) return pol0_Flx(sv);
    3115    12806250 :   if (lQ <= l)
    3116             :   {
    3117     6346534 :     n = l;
    3118     6346534 :     d = 1;
    3119             :   }
    3120             :   else
    3121             :   {
    3122     6459716 :     n = l-1;
    3123     6459716 :     d = (lQ+n-1)/n;
    3124             :   }
    3125    12806250 :   A = FlxV_to_Flm_lg(x, m, n);
    3126    12804441 :   B = Flx_blocks_Flm(Q, n, d);
    3127    12803387 :   C = gerepileupto(av, Flm_mul(A, B, p));
    3128    12806702 :   g = gel(x, l);
    3129    12806702 :   if (pi && SMALL_ULONG(p)) pi = 0;
    3130    12806702 :   T = Flx_get_red_pre(T, p, pi);
    3131    12806307 :   btop = avma;
    3132    12806307 :   S = Flv_to_Flx(gel(C, d), sv);
    3133    23892712 :   for (i = d-1; i>0; i--)
    3134             :   {
    3135    11087751 :     S = Flx_add(Flxq_mul_pre(S, g, T, p, pi), Flv_to_Flx(gel(C,i), sv), p);
    3136    11087156 :     if (gc_needed(btop,1))
    3137           0 :       S = gerepileuptoleaf(btop, S);
    3138             :   }
    3139    12804961 :   return gerepileuptoleaf(av, S);
    3140             : }
    3141             : GEN
    3142        5082 : Flx_FlxqV_eval(GEN Q, GEN x, GEN T, ulong p)
    3143        5082 : { return Flx_FlxqV_eval_pre(Q, x, T, p, SMALL_ULONG(p)? 0: get_Fl_red(p)); }
    3144             : 
    3145             : /* allow pi = 0 (SMALL_ULONG) */
    3146             : GEN
    3147     2404431 : Flx_Flxq_eval_pre(GEN Q, GEN x, GEN T, ulong p, ulong pi)
    3148             : {
    3149     2404431 :   pari_sp av = avma;
    3150             :   GEN z, V;
    3151     2404431 :   long d = degpol(Q), rtd;
    3152     2404431 :   if (d < 0) return pol0_Flx(get_Flx_var(T));
    3153     2404340 :   rtd = (long) sqrt((double)d);
    3154     2404340 :   T = Flx_get_red_pre(T, p, pi);
    3155     2404341 :   V = Flxq_powers_pre(x, rtd, T, p, pi);
    3156     2404365 :   z = Flx_FlxqV_eval_pre(Q, V, T, p, pi);
    3157     2404342 :   return gerepileupto(av, z);
    3158             : }
    3159             : GEN
    3160      789398 : Flx_Flxq_eval(GEN Q, GEN x, GEN T, ulong p)
    3161      789398 : { return Flx_Flxq_eval_pre(Q, x, T, p, SMALL_ULONG(p)? 0: get_Fl_red(p)); }
    3162             : 
    3163             : /* allow pi = 0 (SMALL_ULONG) */
    3164             : GEN
    3165           0 : FlxC_FlxqV_eval_pre(GEN x, GEN v, GEN T, ulong p, ulong pi)
    3166           0 : { pari_APPLY_type(t_COL, Flx_FlxqV_eval_pre(gel(x,i), v, T, p, pi)) }
    3167             : GEN
    3168           0 : FlxC_FlxqV_eval(GEN x, GEN v, GEN T, ulong p)
    3169           0 : { return FlxC_FlxqV_eval_pre(x, v, T, p, SMALL_ULONG(p)? 0: get_Fl_red(p)); }
    3170             : 
    3171             : /* allow pi = 0 (SMALL_ULONG) */
    3172             : GEN
    3173           0 : FlxC_Flxq_eval_pre(GEN x, GEN F, GEN T, ulong p, ulong pi)
    3174             : {
    3175           0 :   long d = brent_kung_optpow(get_Flx_degree(T)-1,lg(x)-1,1);
    3176           0 :   GEN Fp = Flxq_powers_pre(F, d, T, p, pi);
    3177           0 :   return FlxC_FlxqV_eval_pre(x, Fp, T, p, pi);
    3178             : }
    3179             : GEN
    3180           0 : FlxC_Flxq_eval(GEN x, GEN F, GEN T, ulong p)
    3181           0 : { return FlxC_Flxq_eval_pre(x, F, T, p, SMALL_ULONG(p)? 0: get_Fl_red(p)); }
    3182             : 
    3183             : #if 0
    3184             : static struct bb_algebra Flxq_algebra = { _Flxq_red, _Flx_add, _Flx_sub,
    3185             :               _Flxq_mul, _Flxq_sqr, _Flxq_one, _Flxq_zero};
    3186             : #endif
    3187             : 
    3188             : static GEN
    3189       46387 : Flxq_autpow_sqr(void *E, GEN x)
    3190             : {
    3191       46387 :   struct _Flxq *D = (struct _Flxq*)E;
    3192       46387 :   return Flx_Flxq_eval_pre(x, x, D->T, D->p, D->pi);
    3193             : }
    3194             : static GEN
    3195       20767 : Flxq_autpow_msqr(void *E, GEN x)
    3196             : {
    3197       20767 :   struct _Flxq *D = (struct _Flxq*)E;
    3198       20767 :   return Flx_FlxqV_eval_pre(Flxq_autpow_sqr(E, x), D->aut, D->T, D->p, D->pi);
    3199             : }
    3200             : 
    3201             : GEN
    3202       31974 : Flxq_autpow_pre(GEN x, ulong n, GEN T, ulong p, ulong pi)
    3203             : {
    3204       31974 :   pari_sp av = avma;
    3205             :   struct _Flxq D;
    3206             :   long d;
    3207       31974 :   if (n==0) return Flx_rem_pre(polx_Flx(x[1]), T, p, pi);
    3208       31967 :   if (n==1) return Flx_rem_pre(x, T, p, pi);
    3209       31484 :   set_Flxq_pre(&D, T, p, pi);
    3210       31484 :   d = brent_kung_optpow(get_Flx_degree(T), hammingl(n)-1, 1);
    3211       31484 :   D.aut = Flxq_powers_pre(x, d, T, p, D.pi);
    3212       31484 :   x = gen_powu_fold_i(x,n,(void*)&D,Flxq_autpow_sqr,Flxq_autpow_msqr);
    3213       31484 :   return gerepilecopy(av, x);
    3214             : }
    3215             : GEN
    3216           7 : Flxq_autpow(GEN x, ulong n, GEN T, ulong p)
    3217           7 : { return Flxq_autpow_pre(x, n, T, p, SMALL_ULONG(p)? 0: get_Fl_red(p)); }
    3218             : 
    3219             : GEN
    3220        1679 : Flxq_autpowers(GEN x, ulong l, GEN T, ulong p)
    3221             : {
    3222        1679 :   long d, vT = get_Flx_var(T), dT = get_Flx_degree(T);
    3223             :   ulong i, pi;
    3224        1679 :   pari_sp av = avma;
    3225        1679 :   GEN xp, V = cgetg(l+2,t_VEC);
    3226        1679 :   gel(V,1) = polx_Flx(vT); if (l==0) return V;
    3227        1679 :   gel(V,2) = gcopy(x); if (l==1) return V;
    3228        1679 :   pi = SMALL_ULONG(p)? 0: get_Fl_red(p);
    3229        1679 :   T = Flx_get_red_pre(T, p, pi);
    3230        1679 :   d = brent_kung_optpow(dT-1, l-1, 1);
    3231        1679 :   xp = Flxq_powers_pre(x, d, T, p, pi);
    3232        7082 :   for(i = 3; i < l+2; i++)
    3233        5403 :     gel(V,i) = Flx_FlxqV_eval_pre(gel(V,i-1), xp, T, p, pi);
    3234        1679 :   return gerepilecopy(av, V);
    3235             : }
    3236             : 
    3237             : static GEN
    3238      113375 : Flxq_autsum_mul(void *E, GEN x, GEN y)
    3239             : {
    3240      113375 :   struct _Flxq *D = (struct _Flxq*)E;
    3241      113375 :   GEN T = D->T;
    3242      113375 :   ulong p = D->p, pi = D->pi;
    3243      113375 :   GEN phi1 = gel(x,1), a1 = gel(x,2);
    3244      113375 :   GEN phi2 = gel(y,1), a2 = gel(y,2);
    3245      113375 :   ulong d = brent_kung_optpow(maxss(degpol(phi1),degpol(a1)),2,1);
    3246      113375 :   GEN V2 = Flxq_powers_pre(phi2, d, T, p, pi);
    3247      113375 :   GEN phi3 = Flx_FlxqV_eval_pre(phi1, V2, T, p, pi);
    3248      113375 :   GEN aphi = Flx_FlxqV_eval_pre(a1, V2, T, p, pi);
    3249      113375 :   GEN a3 = Flxq_mul_pre(aphi, a2, T, p, pi);
    3250      113375 :   return mkvec2(phi3, a3);
    3251             : }
    3252             : static GEN
    3253      105658 : Flxq_autsum_sqr(void *E, GEN x)
    3254      105658 : { return Flxq_autsum_mul(E, x, x); }
    3255             : 
    3256             : static GEN
    3257       99241 : Flxq_autsum_pre(GEN x, ulong n, GEN T, ulong p, ulong pi)
    3258             : {
    3259       99241 :   pari_sp av = avma;
    3260       99241 :   struct _Flxq D; set_Flxq_pre(&D, T, p, pi);
    3261       99241 :   x = gen_powu_i(x,n,(void*)&D,Flxq_autsum_sqr,Flxq_autsum_mul);
    3262       99241 :   return gerepilecopy(av, x);
    3263             : }
    3264             : GEN
    3265           0 : Flxq_autsum(GEN x, ulong n, GEN T, ulong p)
    3266           0 : { return Flxq_autsum_pre(x, n, T, p, SMALL_ULONG(p)? 0: get_Fl_red(p)); }
    3267             : 
    3268             : static GEN
    3269      763639 : Flxq_auttrace_mul(void *E, GEN x, GEN y)
    3270             : {
    3271      763639 :   struct _Flxq *D = (struct _Flxq*)E;
    3272      763639 :   GEN T = D->T;
    3273      763639 :   ulong p = D->p, pi = D->pi;
    3274      763639 :   GEN phi1 = gel(x,1), a1 = gel(x,2);
    3275      763639 :   GEN phi2 = gel(y,1), a2 = gel(y,2);
    3276      763639 :   ulong d = brent_kung_optpow(maxss(degpol(phi1),degpol(a1)),2,1);
    3277      763653 :   GEN V1 = Flxq_powers_pre(phi1, d, T, p, pi);
    3278      763612 :   GEN phi3 = Flx_FlxqV_eval_pre(phi2, V1, T, p, pi);
    3279      763607 :   GEN aphi = Flx_FlxqV_eval_pre(a2, V1, T, p, pi);
    3280      763644 :   GEN a3 = Flx_add(a1, aphi, p);
    3281      763631 :   return mkvec2(phi3, a3);
    3282             : }
    3283             : 
    3284             : static GEN
    3285      636196 : Flxq_auttrace_sqr(void *E, GEN x)
    3286      636196 : { return Flxq_auttrace_mul(E, x, x); }
    3287             : 
    3288             : GEN
    3289      935769 : Flxq_auttrace_pre(GEN x, ulong n, GEN T, ulong p, ulong pi)
    3290             : {
    3291      935769 :   pari_sp av = avma;
    3292             :   struct _Flxq D;
    3293      935769 :   set_Flxq_pre(&D, T, p, pi);
    3294      935770 :   x = gen_powu_i(x,n,(void*)&D,Flxq_auttrace_sqr,Flxq_auttrace_mul);
    3295      935749 :   return gerepilecopy(av, x);
    3296             : }
    3297             : GEN
    3298           0 : Flxq_auttrace(GEN x, ulong n, GEN T, ulong p)
    3299           0 : { return Flxq_auttrace_pre(x, n, T, p, SMALL_ULONG(p)? 0: get_Fl_red(p)); }
    3300             : 
    3301             : static long
    3302      422718 : bounded_order(ulong p, GEN b, long k)
    3303             : {
    3304      422718 :   GEN a = modii(utoipos(p), b);
    3305             :   long i;
    3306      870577 :   for(i = 1; i < k; i++)
    3307             :   {
    3308      547736 :     if (equali1(a)) return i;
    3309      447861 :     a = modii(muliu(a,p),b);
    3310             :   }
    3311      322841 :   return 0;
    3312             : }
    3313             : 
    3314             : /* n = (p^d-a)\b
    3315             :  * b = bb*p^vb
    3316             :  * p^k = 1 [bb]
    3317             :  * d = m*k+r+vb
    3318             :  * u = (p^k-1)/bb;
    3319             :  * v = (p^(r+vb)-a)/b;
    3320             :  * w = (p^(m*k)-1)/(p^k-1)
    3321             :  * n = p^r*w*u+v
    3322             :  * w*u = p^vb*(p^(m*k)-1)/b
    3323             :  * n = p^(r+vb)*(p^(m*k)-1)/b+(p^(r+vb)-a)/b */
    3324             : static GEN
    3325    25129174 : Flxq_pow_Frobenius(GEN x, GEN n, GEN aut, GEN T, ulong p, ulong pi)
    3326             : {
    3327    25129174 :   pari_sp av=avma;
    3328    25129174 :   long d = get_Flx_degree(T);
    3329    25129169 :   GEN an = absi_shallow(n), z, q;
    3330    25129167 :   if (abscmpiu(an,p)<0 || cmpis(an,d)<=0) return Flxq_pow_pre(x, n, T, p, pi);
    3331      423111 :   q = powuu(p, d);
    3332      423111 :   if (dvdii(q, n))
    3333             :   {
    3334         332 :     long vn = logint(an, utoipos(p));
    3335         332 :     GEN autvn = vn==1 ? aut: Flxq_autpow_pre(aut,vn,T,p,pi);
    3336         332 :     z = Flx_Flxq_eval_pre(x,autvn,T,p,pi);
    3337             :   } else
    3338             :   {
    3339      422778 :     GEN b = diviiround(q, an), a = subii(q, mulii(an,b));
    3340             :     GEN bb, u, v, autk;
    3341      422779 :     long vb = Z_lvalrem(b,p,&bb);
    3342      422780 :     long m, r, k = is_pm1(bb)? 1: bounded_order(p,bb,d);
    3343      422778 :     if (!k || d-vb < k) return Flxq_pow_pre(x,n, T,p,pi);
    3344       99930 :     m = (d-vb)/k; r = (d-vb)%k;
    3345       99930 :     u = diviiexact(subiu(powuu(p,k),1),bb);
    3346       99930 :     v = diviiexact(subii(powuu(p,r+vb),a),b);
    3347       99930 :     autk = k==1 ? aut: Flxq_autpow_pre(aut,k,T,p,pi);
    3348       99930 :     if (r)
    3349             :     {
    3350         606 :       GEN autr = r==1 ? aut: Flxq_autpow_pre(aut,r,T,p,pi);
    3351         606 :       z = Flx_Flxq_eval_pre(x,autr,T,p,pi);
    3352       99324 :     } else z = x;
    3353       99930 :     if (m > 1) z = gel(Flxq_autsum_pre(mkvec2(autk, z), m, T, p, pi), 2);
    3354       99930 :     if (!is_pm1(u)) z = Flxq_pow_pre(z, u, T, p, pi);
    3355       99930 :     if (signe(v)) z = Flxq_mul_pre(z, Flxq_pow_pre(x, v, T, p, pi), T, p, pi);
    3356             :   }
    3357      100262 :   return gerepileupto(av,signe(n)>0 ? z : Flxq_inv_pre(z,T,p,pi));
    3358             : }
    3359             : 
    3360             : static GEN
    3361    25121785 : _Flxq_pow(void *data, GEN x, GEN n)
    3362             : {
    3363    25121785 :   struct _Flxq *D = (struct _Flxq*)data;
    3364    25121785 :   return Flxq_pow_Frobenius(x, n, D->aut, D->T, D->p, D->pi);
    3365             : }
    3366             : 
    3367             : static GEN
    3368       40963 : _Flxq_rand(void *data)
    3369             : {
    3370       40963 :   pari_sp av=avma;
    3371       40963 :   struct _Flxq *D = (struct _Flxq*)data;
    3372             :   GEN z;
    3373             :   do
    3374             :   {
    3375       41362 :     set_avma(av);
    3376       41362 :     z = random_Flx(get_Flx_degree(D->T),get_Flx_var(D->T),D->p);
    3377       41363 :   } while (lgpol(z)==0);
    3378       40964 :   return z;
    3379             : }
    3380             : 
    3381             : /* discrete log in FpXQ for a in Fp^*, g in FpXQ^* of order ord */
    3382             : static GEN
    3383       35482 : Fl_Flxq_log(ulong a, GEN g, GEN o, GEN T, ulong p)
    3384             : {
    3385       35482 :   pari_sp av = avma;
    3386             :   GEN q,n_q,ord,ordp, op;
    3387             : 
    3388       35482 :   if (a == 1UL) return gen_0;
    3389             :   /* p > 2 */
    3390             : 
    3391       35482 :   ordp = utoi(p - 1);
    3392       35482 :   ord  = get_arith_Z(o);
    3393       35482 :   if (!ord) ord = T? subiu(powuu(p, get_FpX_degree(T)), 1): ordp;
    3394       35482 :   if (a == p - 1) /* -1 */
    3395        7739 :     return gerepileuptoint(av, shifti(ord,-1));
    3396       27743 :   ordp = gcdii(ordp, ord);
    3397       27743 :   op = typ(o)==t_MAT ? famat_Z_gcd(o, ordp) : ordp;
    3398             : 
    3399       27743 :   q = NULL;
    3400       27743 :   if (T)
    3401             :   { /* we want < g > = Fp^* */
    3402       27743 :     if (!equalii(ord,ordp)) {
    3403       11906 :       q = diviiexact(ord,ordp);
    3404       11906 :       g = Flxq_pow(g,q,T,p);
    3405             :     }
    3406             :   }
    3407       27743 :   n_q = Fp_log(utoi(a), utoipos(uel(g,2)), op, utoipos(p));
    3408       27743 :   if (lg(n_q)==1) return gerepileuptoleaf(av, n_q);
    3409       27743 :   if (q) n_q = mulii(q, n_q);
    3410       27743 :   return gerepileuptoint(av, n_q);
    3411             : }
    3412             : 
    3413             : static GEN
    3414      548418 : Flxq_easylog(void* E, GEN a, GEN g, GEN ord)
    3415             : {
    3416      548418 :   struct _Flxq *f = (struct _Flxq *)E;
    3417      548418 :   GEN T = f->T;
    3418      548418 :   ulong p = f->p;
    3419      548418 :   long d = get_Flx_degree(T);
    3420      548418 :   if (Flx_equal1(a)) return gen_0;
    3421      388610 :   if (Flx_equal(a,g)) return gen_1;
    3422      174306 :   if (!degpol(a))
    3423       35482 :     return Fl_Flxq_log(uel(a,2), g, ord, T, p);
    3424      138824 :   if (typ(ord)!=t_INT || d <= 4 || d == 6 || abscmpiu(ord,1UL<<27)<0)
    3425      138796 :     return NULL;
    3426          28 :   return Flxq_log_index(a, g, ord, T, p);
    3427             : }
    3428             : 
    3429             : static const struct bb_group Flxq_star={_Flxq_mul,_Flxq_pow,_Flxq_rand,hash_GEN,Flx_equal,Flx_equal1,Flxq_easylog};
    3430             : 
    3431             : const struct bb_group *
    3432      281868 : get_Flxq_star(void **E, GEN T, ulong p)
    3433             : {
    3434      281868 :   struct _Flxq *e = (struct _Flxq *) stack_malloc(sizeof(struct _Flxq));
    3435      281868 :   e->T = T; e->p  = p; e->pi = SMALL_ULONG(p)? 0: get_Fl_red(p);
    3436      281868 :   e->aut =  Flx_Frobenius_pre(T, p, e->pi);
    3437      281867 :   *E = (void*)e; return &Flxq_star;
    3438             : }
    3439             : 
    3440             : GEN
    3441       97253 : Flxq_order(GEN a, GEN ord, GEN T, ulong p)
    3442             : {
    3443             :   void *E;
    3444       97253 :   const struct bb_group *S = get_Flxq_star(&E,T,p);
    3445       97253 :   return gen_order(a,ord,E,S);
    3446             : }
    3447             : 
    3448             : GEN
    3449      164497 : Flxq_log(GEN a, GEN g, GEN ord, GEN T, ulong p)
    3450             : {
    3451             :   void *E;
    3452      164497 :   pari_sp av = avma;
    3453      164497 :   const struct bb_group *S = get_Flxq_star(&E,T,p);
    3454      164497 :   GEN v = get_arith_ZZM(ord), F = gmael(v,2,1);
    3455      164497 :   if (lg(F) > 1 && Flxq_log_use_index(veclast(F), T, p))
    3456       24381 :     v = mkvec2(gel(v, 1), ZM_famat_limit(gel(v, 2), int2n(27)));
    3457      164497 :   return gerepileuptoleaf(av, gen_PH_log(a, g, v, E, S));
    3458             : }
    3459             : 
    3460             : GEN
    3461       20125 : Flxq_sqrtn(GEN a, GEN n, GEN T, ulong p, GEN *zeta)
    3462             : {
    3463       20125 :   if (!lgpol(a))
    3464             :   {
    3465           7 :     if (signe(n) < 0) pari_err_INV("Flxq_sqrtn",a);
    3466           0 :     if (zeta)
    3467           0 :       *zeta=pol1_Flx(get_Flx_var(T));
    3468           0 :     return pol0_Flx(get_Flx_var(T));
    3469             :   }
    3470             :   else
    3471             :   {
    3472             :     void *E;
    3473       20118 :     pari_sp av = avma;
    3474       20118 :     const struct bb_group *S = get_Flxq_star(&E,T,p);
    3475       20117 :     GEN o = subiu(powuu(p,get_Flx_degree(T)), 1);
    3476       20117 :     GEN s = gen_Shanks_sqrtn(a,n,o,zeta,E,S);
    3477       20118 :     if (!s) return gc_NULL(av);
    3478       20076 :     return gc_all(av, zeta?2:1, &s, zeta);
    3479             :   }
    3480             : }
    3481             : 
    3482             : static GEN
    3483      291114 : Flxq_sumautsum_sqr(void *E, GEN xzd)
    3484             : {
    3485      291114 :   struct _Flxq *D = (struct _Flxq*)E;
    3486      291114 :   pari_sp av = avma;
    3487             :   GEN xi, zeta, delta, xi2, zeta2, delta2, temp, xipow;
    3488      291114 :   GEN T = D->T;
    3489      291114 :   ulong d, p = D-> p, pi = D->pi;
    3490      291114 :   xi = gel(xzd, 1); zeta = gel(xzd, 2); delta = gel(xzd, 3);
    3491             : 
    3492      291114 :   d = brent_kung_optpow(get_Flx_degree(T)-1,3,1);
    3493      291114 :   xipow = Flxq_powers_pre(xi, d, T, p, pi);
    3494             : 
    3495      291114 :   xi2 = Flx_FlxqV_eval_pre(xi, xipow, T, p, pi);
    3496      291114 :   zeta2 = Flxq_mul_pre(zeta, Flx_FlxqV_eval_pre(zeta,  xipow, T, p, pi), T, p, pi);
    3497      291114 :   temp  = Flxq_mul_pre(zeta, Flx_FlxqV_eval_pre(delta, xipow, T, p, pi), T, p, pi);
    3498      291114 :   delta2 = Flx_add(delta, temp, p);
    3499      291114 :   return gerepilecopy(av, mkvec3(xi2, zeta2, delta2));
    3500             : }
    3501             : 
    3502             : static GEN
    3503       40480 : Flxq_sumautsum_msqr(void *E, GEN xzd)
    3504             : {
    3505       40480 :   struct _Flxq *D = (struct _Flxq*)E;
    3506       40480 :   pari_sp av = avma;
    3507             :   GEN xii, zetai, deltai, xzd2;
    3508       40480 :   GEN T = D->T, xi0pow = gel(D->aut, 1), zeta0 = gel(D->aut, 2);
    3509       40480 :   ulong p = D-> p, pi = D->pi;
    3510       40480 :   xzd2 = Flxq_sumautsum_sqr(E, xzd);
    3511       40480 :   xii = Flx_FlxqV_eval_pre(gel(xzd2, 1), xi0pow, T, p, pi);
    3512       40480 :   zetai = Flxq_mul_pre(zeta0, Flx_FlxqV_eval_pre(gel(xzd2, 2), xi0pow, T, p, pi), T, p, pi);
    3513       40480 :   deltai = Flx_add(gel(xzd2, 3), zetai, p);
    3514             : 
    3515       40480 :   return gerepilecopy(av, mkvec3(xii, zetai, deltai));
    3516             : }
    3517             : 
    3518             : /*returns a + a^(1+s) + a^(1+s+2s) + ... + a^(1+s+...+is)
    3519             :   where ax = [a,s] with s an automorphism */
    3520             : static GEN
    3521      207592 : Flxq_sumautsum_pre(GEN ax, long i, GEN T, ulong p, ulong pi) {
    3522      207592 :   pari_sp av = avma;
    3523             :   GEN a, xi, zeta, vec, res;
    3524             :   struct _Flxq D;
    3525             :   ulong d;
    3526      207592 :   D.T = Flx_get_red(T, p); D.p = p; D.pi = pi;
    3527      207592 :   a = gel(ax, 1); xi = gel(ax,2);
    3528      207592 :   d = brent_kung_optpow(get_Flx_degree(T)-1,2*(hammingl(i)-1),1);
    3529      207592 :   zeta = Flx_Flxq_eval_pre(a, xi, T, p, pi);
    3530      207592 :   D.aut = mkvec2(Flxq_powers_pre(xi, d, T, p, pi), zeta);
    3531             : 
    3532      207592 :   vec = gen_powu_fold(mkvec3(xi, zeta, zeta), i, (void *)&D, Flxq_sumautsum_sqr, Flxq_sumautsum_msqr);
    3533      207592 :   res = Flxq_mul_pre(a, Flx_add(pol1_Flx(get_Flx_var(T)), gel(vec, 3), p), T, p, pi);
    3534             : 
    3535      207592 :   return gerepilecopy(av, res);
    3536             : }
    3537             : 
    3538             : GEN
    3539      232376 : Flxq_sqrt_pre(GEN z, GEN T, ulong p, ulong pi)
    3540             : {
    3541      232376 :   pari_sp av = avma;
    3542             :   long d;
    3543      232376 :   if (p==2)
    3544             :   {
    3545           0 :     GEN r = F2xq_sqrt(Flx_to_F2x(z), Flx_to_F2x(get_Flx_mod(T)));
    3546           0 :     return gerepileupto(av, F2x_to_Flx(r));
    3547             :   }
    3548      232376 :   d = get_Flx_degree(T);
    3549      232376 :   if (d==2)
    3550             :   {
    3551       67676 :     GEN P = get_Flx_mod(T), s;
    3552       67676 :     ulong c = uel(P,2), b = uel(P,3), a = uel(P,4);
    3553       67676 :     ulong y = degpol(z)<1 ? 0: uel(z,3);
    3554       67676 :     if (a==1 && b==0)
    3555       14890 :     {
    3556       15670 :       ulong x = degpol(z)<1 ? Flx_constant(z): uel(z,2);
    3557       15670 :       GEN r = Fl2_sqrt_pre(mkvecsmall2(x, y), Fl_neg(c, p), p, pi);
    3558       15670 :       if (!r) return gc_NULL(av);
    3559       14890 :       s = mkvecsmall3(P[1], uel(r,1), uel(r,2));
    3560             :     }
    3561             :     else
    3562             :     {
    3563       52006 :       ulong b2 = Fl_halve(b, p), t = Fl_div(b2, a, p);
    3564       52006 :       ulong D = Fl_sub(Fl_sqr(b2, p), Fl_mul(a, c, p), p);
    3565       52006 :       ulong x = degpol(z)<1 ? Flx_constant(z): Fl_sub(uel(z,2), Fl_mul(uel(z,3), t, p), p);
    3566       52006 :       GEN r = Fl2_sqrt_pre(mkvecsmall2(x, y), D, p, pi);
    3567       52006 :       if (!r) return gc_NULL(av);
    3568       49612 :       s = mkvecsmall3(P[1], Fl_add(uel(r,1), Fl_mul(uel(r,2),t,p), p), uel(r,2));
    3569             :     }
    3570       64502 :     return gerepileuptoleaf(av, Flx_renormalize(s, 4));
    3571             :   }
    3572      164700 :   if (lgpol(z)<=1 && odd(d))
    3573             :   {
    3574       11612 :     pari_sp av = avma;
    3575       11612 :     ulong s = Fl_sqrt(Flx_constant(z), p);
    3576       11612 :     if (s==~0UL) return gc_NULL(av);
    3577       11598 :     return gerepilecopy(av, Fl_to_Flx(s, get_Flx_var(T)));
    3578             :   } else
    3579             :   {
    3580             :     GEN c, b, new_z, x, y, w, ax;
    3581             :     ulong p2, beta;
    3582      153088 :     long v = get_Flx_var(T);
    3583      153088 :     if (!lgpol(z)) return pol0_Flx(v);
    3584      152423 :     T = Flx_get_red_pre(T, p, pi);
    3585      152423 :     ax = mkvec2(NULL, Flx_Frobenius_pre(T, p, pi));
    3586      152423 :     p2 = p >> 1; /* (p-1) / 2 */
    3587             :     do {
    3588      208264 :       do c = random_Flx(d, v, p); while (!lgpol(c));
    3589             : 
    3590      207592 :       new_z = Flxq_mul_pre(z, Flxq_sqr_pre(c, T, p, pi), T, p, pi);
    3591      207592 :       gel(ax, 1) = Flxq_powu_pre(new_z, p2, T, p, pi);
    3592      207592 :       y = Flxq_sumautsum_pre(ax, d-2, T, p, pi); /* d > 2 */
    3593      207592 :       b = Flx_Fl_add(y, 1UL, p);
    3594      207592 :     } while (!lgpol(b));
    3595             : 
    3596      152423 :     x = Flxq_mul_pre(new_z, Flxq_sqr_pre(b, T, p, pi), T, p, pi);
    3597      152423 :     if (degpol(x) > 0) return gc_NULL(av);
    3598      145381 :     beta = Fl_sqrt_pre(Flx_constant(x), p, pi);
    3599      145381 :     if (beta==~0UL) return gc_NULL(av);
    3600      145381 :     w = Flx_Fl_mul(Flxq_inv_pre(Flxq_mul_pre(b, c, T,p,pi), T,p,pi), beta, p);
    3601      145381 :     return gerepilecopy(av, w);
    3602             :   }
    3603             : }
    3604             : 
    3605             : GEN
    3606      232376 : Flxq_sqrt(GEN a, GEN T, ulong p)
    3607      232376 : { return Flxq_sqrt_pre(a, T, p, SMALL_ULONG(p)? 0: get_Fl_red(p)); }
    3608             : 
    3609             : /* assume T irreducible mod p */
    3610             : int
    3611      404318 : Flxq_issquare(GEN x, GEN T, ulong p)
    3612             : {
    3613      404318 :   if (lgpol(x) == 0 || p == 2) return 1;
    3614      398011 :   return krouu(Flxq_norm(x,T,p), p) == 1;
    3615             : }
    3616             : 
    3617             : /* assume T irreducible mod p */
    3618             : int
    3619           0 : Flxq_is2npower(GEN x, long n, GEN T, ulong p)
    3620             : {
    3621             :   pari_sp av;
    3622             :   GEN m;
    3623           0 :   if (n==1) return Flxq_issquare(x, T, p);
    3624           0 :   if (lgpol(x) == 0 || p == 2) return 1;
    3625           0 :   av = avma;
    3626           0 :   m = shifti(subiu(powuu(p, get_Flx_degree(T)), 1), -n);
    3627           0 :   return gc_bool(av, Flx_equal1(Flxq_pow(x, m, T, p)));
    3628             : }
    3629             : 
    3630             : GEN
    3631      113589 : Flxq_lroot_fast_pre(GEN a, GEN sqx, GEN T, long p, ulong pi)
    3632             : {
    3633      113589 :   pari_sp av=avma;
    3634      113589 :   GEN A = Flx_splitting(a,p);
    3635      113589 :   return gerepileuptoleaf(av, FlxqV_dotproduct_pre(A,sqx,T,p,pi));
    3636             : }
    3637             : GEN
    3638           0 : Flxq_lroot_fast(GEN a, GEN sqx, GEN T, long p)
    3639           0 : { return Flxq_lroot_fast_pre(a, sqx, T, p, SMALL_ULONG(p)? 0: get_Fl_red(p)); }
    3640             : 
    3641             : GEN
    3642       25053 : Flxq_lroot_pre(GEN a, GEN T, long p, ulong pi)
    3643             : {
    3644       25053 :   pari_sp av=avma;
    3645       25053 :   long n = get_Flx_degree(T), d = degpol(a);
    3646             :   GEN sqx, V;
    3647       25053 :   if (n==1) return leafcopy(a);
    3648       25053 :   if (n==2) return Flxq_powu_pre(a, p, T, p, pi);
    3649       25053 :   sqx = Flxq_autpow_pre(Flx_Frobenius_pre(T, p, pi), n-1, T, p, pi);
    3650       25053 :   if (d==1 && a[2]==0 && a[3]==1) return gerepileuptoleaf(av, sqx);
    3651           0 :   if (d>=p)
    3652             :   {
    3653           0 :     V = Flxq_powers_pre(sqx,p-1,T,p,pi);
    3654           0 :     return gerepileuptoleaf(av, Flxq_lroot_fast_pre(a,V,T,p,pi));
    3655             :   } else
    3656           0 :     return gerepileuptoleaf(av, Flx_Flxq_eval_pre(a,sqx,T,p,pi));
    3657             : }
    3658             : GEN
    3659           0 : Flxq_lroot(GEN a, GEN T, long p)
    3660           0 : { return Flxq_lroot_pre(a, T, p, SMALL_ULONG(p)? 0: get_Fl_red(p)); }
    3661             : 
    3662             : ulong
    3663      443529 : Flxq_norm(GEN x, GEN TB, ulong p)
    3664             : {
    3665      443529 :   GEN T = get_Flx_mod(TB);
    3666      443529 :   ulong y = Flx_resultant(T, x, p), L = Flx_lead(T);
    3667      443529 :   if (L==1 || lgpol(x)==0) return y;
    3668           0 :   return Fl_div(y, Fl_powu(L, (ulong)degpol(x), p), p);
    3669             : }
    3670             : 
    3671             : ulong
    3672        4696 : Flxq_trace(GEN x, GEN TB, ulong p)
    3673             : {
    3674        4696 :   pari_sp av = avma;
    3675             :   ulong t;
    3676        4696 :   GEN T = get_Flx_mod(TB);
    3677        4696 :   long n = degpol(T)-1;
    3678        4696 :   GEN z = Flxq_mul(x, Flx_deriv(T, p), TB, p);
    3679        4696 :   t = degpol(z)<n ? 0 : Fl_div(z[2+n],T[3+n],p);
    3680        4696 :   return gc_ulong(av, t);
    3681             : }
    3682             : 
    3683             : /*x must be reduced*/
    3684             : GEN
    3685        3632 : Flxq_charpoly(GEN x, GEN TB, ulong p)
    3686             : {
    3687        3632 :   pari_sp ltop=avma;
    3688        3632 :   GEN T = get_Flx_mod(TB);
    3689        3632 :   long vs = evalvarn(fetch_var());
    3690        3632 :   GEN xm1 = deg1pol_shallow(pol1_Flx(x[1]),Flx_neg(x,p),vs);
    3691        3632 :   GEN r = Flx_FlxY_resultant(T, xm1, p);
    3692        3632 :   r[1] = x[1];
    3693        3632 :   (void)delete_var(); return gerepileupto(ltop, r);
    3694             : }
    3695             : 
    3696             : /* Computing minimal polynomial :                         */
    3697             : /* cf Shoup 'Efficient Computation of Minimal Polynomials */
    3698             : /*          in Algebraic Extensions of Finite Fields'     */
    3699             : 
    3700             : /* Let v a linear form, return the linear form z->v(tau*z)
    3701             :    that is, v*(M_tau) */
    3702             : 
    3703             : static GEN
    3704     1693318 : Flxq_transmul_init(GEN tau, GEN T, ulong p, ulong pi)
    3705             : {
    3706             :   GEN bht;
    3707     1693318 :   GEN h, Tp = get_Flx_red(T, &h);
    3708     1693317 :   long n = degpol(Tp), vT = Tp[1];
    3709     1693309 :   GEN ft = Flx_recipspec(Tp+2, n+1, n+1);
    3710     1693289 :   GEN bt = Flx_recipspec(tau+2, lgpol(tau), n);
    3711     1693275 :   ft[1] = vT; bt[1] = vT;
    3712     1693275 :   if (h)
    3713        2688 :     bht = Flxn_mul_pre(bt, h, n-1, p, pi);
    3714             :   else
    3715             :   {
    3716     1690587 :     GEN bh = Flx_div_pre(Flx_shift(tau, n-1), T, p, pi);
    3717     1690586 :     bht = Flx_recipspec(bh+2, lgpol(bh), n-1);
    3718     1690608 :     bht[1] = vT;
    3719             :   }
    3720     1693296 :   return mkvec3(bt, bht, ft);
    3721             : }
    3722             : 
    3723             : static GEN
    3724     4086849 : Flxq_transmul(GEN tau, GEN a, long n, ulong p, ulong pi)
    3725             : {
    3726     4086849 :   pari_sp ltop = avma;
    3727             :   GEN t1, t2, t3, vec;
    3728     4086849 :   GEN bt = gel(tau, 1), bht = gel(tau, 2), ft = gel(tau, 3);
    3729     4086849 :   if (lgpol(a)==0) return pol0_Flx(a[1]);
    3730     4056576 :   t2  = Flx_shift(Flx_mul_pre(bt, a, p, pi),1-n);
    3731     4056322 :   if (lgpol(bht)==0) return gerepileuptoleaf(ltop, t2);
    3732     3062386 :   t1  = Flx_shift(Flx_mul_pre(ft, a, p, pi),-n);
    3733     3062355 :   t3  = Flxn_mul_pre(t1, bht, n-1, p, pi);
    3734     3062359 :   vec = Flx_sub(t2, Flx_shift(t3, 1), p);
    3735     3062422 :   return gerepileuptoleaf(ltop, vec);
    3736             : }
    3737             : 
    3738             : GEN
    3739      784600 : Flxq_minpoly_pre(GEN x, GEN T, ulong p, ulong pi)
    3740             : {
    3741      784600 :   pari_sp ltop = avma;
    3742      784600 :   long vT = get_Flx_var(T), n = get_Flx_degree(T);
    3743             :   GEN v_x;
    3744      784592 :   GEN g = pol1_Flx(vT), tau = pol1_Flx(vT);
    3745      784568 :   T = Flx_get_red_pre(T, p, pi);
    3746      784567 :   v_x = Flxq_powers_pre(x, usqrt(2*n), T, p, pi);
    3747     1631239 :   while (lgpol(tau) != 0)
    3748             :   {
    3749             :     long i, j, m, k1;
    3750             :     GEN M, v, tr, g_prime, c;
    3751      846650 :     if (degpol(g) == n) { tau = pol1_Flx(vT); g = pol1_Flx(vT); }
    3752      846650 :     v = random_Flx(n, vT, p);
    3753      846673 :     tr = Flxq_transmul_init(tau, T, p, pi);
    3754      846646 :     v = Flxq_transmul(tr, v, n, p, pi);
    3755      846662 :     m = 2*(n-degpol(g));
    3756      846662 :     k1 = usqrt(m);
    3757      846663 :     tr = Flxq_transmul_init(gel(v_x,k1+1), T, p, pi);
    3758      846655 :     c = cgetg(m+2,t_VECSMALL);
    3759      846604 :     c[1] = vT;
    3760     4086744 :     for (i=0; i<m; i+=k1)
    3761             :     {
    3762     3240082 :       long mj = minss(m-i, k1);
    3763    12660973 :       for (j=0; j<mj; j++)
    3764     9420635 :         uel(c,m+1-(i+j)) = Flx_dotproduct_pre(v, gel(v_x,j+1), p, pi);
    3765     3240338 :       v = Flxq_transmul(tr, v, n, p, pi);
    3766             :     }
    3767      846662 :     c = Flx_renormalize(c, m+2);
    3768             :     /* now c contains <v,x^i> , i = 0..m-1  */
    3769      846661 :     M = Flx_halfgcd_pre(monomial_Flx(1, m, vT), c, p, pi);
    3770      846677 :     g_prime = gmael(M, 2, 2);
    3771      846677 :     if (degpol(g_prime) < 1) continue;
    3772      834860 :     g = Flx_mul_pre(g, g_prime, p, pi);
    3773      834845 :     tau = Flxq_mul_pre(tau, Flx_FlxqV_eval_pre(g_prime, v_x, T,p,pi), T,p,pi);
    3774             :   }
    3775      784555 :   g = Flx_normalize(g,p);
    3776      784595 :   return gerepileuptoleaf(ltop,g);
    3777             : }
    3778             : GEN
    3779       44454 : Flxq_minpoly(GEN x, GEN T, ulong p)
    3780       44454 : { return Flxq_minpoly_pre(x, T, p, SMALL_ULONG(p)? 0: get_Fl_red(p)); }
    3781             : 
    3782             : GEN
    3783          20 : Flxq_conjvec(GEN x, GEN T, ulong p)
    3784             : {
    3785          20 :   long i, l = 1+get_Flx_degree(T);
    3786          20 :   GEN z = cgetg(l,t_COL);
    3787          20 :   struct _Flxq D; set_Flxq(&D, T, p);
    3788          20 :   gel(z,1) = Flx_copy(x);
    3789          88 :   for (i=2; i<l; i++) gel(z,i) = _Flxq_powu(&D, gel(z,i-1), p);
    3790          20 :   return z;
    3791             : }
    3792             : 
    3793             : GEN
    3794        7201 : gener_Flxq(GEN T, ulong p, GEN *po)
    3795             : {
    3796        7201 :   long i, j, vT = get_Flx_var(T), f = get_Flx_degree(T);
    3797             :   ulong p_1, pi;
    3798             :   GEN g, L, L2, o, q, F;
    3799             :   pari_sp av0, av;
    3800             : 
    3801        7201 :   if (f == 1) {
    3802             :     GEN fa;
    3803          28 :     o = utoipos(p-1);
    3804          28 :     fa = Z_factor(o);
    3805          28 :     L = gel(fa,1);
    3806          28 :     L = vecslice(L, 2, lg(L)-1); /* remove 2 for efficiency */
    3807          28 :     g = Fl_to_Flx(pgener_Fl_local(p, vec_to_vecsmall(L)), vT);
    3808          28 :     if (po) *po = mkvec2(o, fa);
    3809          28 :     return g;
    3810             :   }
    3811             : 
    3812        7173 :   av0 = avma; p_1 = p - 1;
    3813        7173 :   q = diviuexact(subiu(powuu(p,f), 1), p_1);
    3814             : 
    3815        7173 :   L = cgetg(1, t_VECSMALL);
    3816        7173 :   if (p > 3)
    3817             :   {
    3818        2371 :     ulong t = p_1 >> vals(p_1);
    3819        2371 :     GEN P = gel(factoru(t), 1);
    3820        2371 :     L = cgetg_copy(P, &i);
    3821        3787 :     while (--i) L[i] = p_1 / P[i];
    3822             :   }
    3823        7173 :   o = factor_pn_1(utoipos(p),f);
    3824        7173 :   L2 = leafcopy( gel(o, 1) );
    3825       19212 :   for (i = j = 1; i < lg(L2); i++)
    3826             :   {
    3827       12039 :     if (umodui(p_1, gel(L2,i)) == 0) continue;
    3828        6488 :     gel(L2,j++) = diviiexact(q, gel(L2,i));
    3829             :   }
    3830        7173 :   setlg(L2, j); pi = SMALL_ULONG(p)? 0: get_Fl_red(p);
    3831        7173 :   F = Flx_Frobenius_pre(T, p, pi);
    3832       17625 :   for (av = avma;; set_avma(av))
    3833       10452 :   {
    3834             :     GEN tt;
    3835       17625 :     g = random_Flx(f, vT, p);
    3836       17625 :     if (degpol(g) < 1) continue;
    3837       12060 :     if (p == 2) tt = g;
    3838             :     else
    3839             :     {
    3840        8861 :       ulong t = Flxq_norm(g, T, p);
    3841        8861 :       if (t == 1 || !is_gener_Fl(t, p, p_1, L)) continue;
    3842        4760 :       tt = Flxq_powu_pre(g, p_1>>1, T, p, pi);
    3843             :     }
    3844       14551 :     for (i = 1; i < j; i++)
    3845             :     {
    3846        7378 :       GEN a = Flxq_pow_Frobenius(tt, gel(L2,i), F, T, p, pi);
    3847        7378 :       if (!degpol(a) && uel(a,2) == p_1) break;
    3848             :     }
    3849        7959 :     if (i == j) break;
    3850             :   }
    3851        7173 :   if (!po)
    3852             :   {
    3853         187 :     set_avma((pari_sp)g);
    3854         187 :     g = gerepileuptoleaf(av0, g);
    3855             :   }
    3856             :   else {
    3857        6986 :     *po = mkvec2(subiu(powuu(p,f), 1), o);
    3858        6986 :     gerepileall(av0, 2, &g, po);
    3859             :   }
    3860        7173 :   return g;
    3861             : }
    3862             : 
    3863             : static GEN
    3864      366530 : _Flxq_neg(void *E, GEN x)
    3865      366530 : { struct _Flxq *s = (struct _Flxq *)E;
    3866      366530 :   return Flx_neg(x,s->p); }
    3867             : 
    3868             : static GEN
    3869     1462529 : _Flxq_rmul(void *E, GEN x, GEN y)
    3870     1462529 : { struct _Flxq *s = (struct _Flxq *)E;
    3871     1462529 :   return Flx_mul_pre(x,y,s->p,s->pi); }
    3872             : 
    3873             : static GEN
    3874        9418 : _Flxq_inv(void *E, GEN x)
    3875        9418 : { struct _Flxq *s = (struct _Flxq *)E;
    3876        9418 :   return Flxq_inv(x,s->T,s->p); }
    3877             : 
    3878             : static int
    3879       68965 : _Flxq_equal0(GEN x) { return lgpol(x)==0; }
    3880             : 
    3881             : static GEN
    3882        6453 : _Flxq_s(void *E, long x)
    3883        6453 : { struct _Flxq *s = (struct _Flxq *)E;
    3884        6453 :   ulong u = x<0 ? s->p+x: (ulong)x;
    3885        6453 :   return Fl_to_Flx(u, get_Flx_var(s->T));
    3886             : }
    3887             : 
    3888             : static const struct bb_field Flxq_field={_Flxq_red,_Flx_add,_Flxq_rmul,_Flxq_neg,
    3889             :                                          _Flxq_inv,_Flxq_equal0,_Flxq_s};
    3890             : 
    3891       68945 : const struct bb_field *get_Flxq_field(void **E, GEN T, ulong p)
    3892             : {
    3893       68945 :   GEN z = new_chunk(sizeof(struct _Flxq));
    3894       68945 :   set_Flxq((struct _Flxq *)z, T, p); *E = (void*)z; return &Flxq_field;
    3895             : }
    3896             : 
    3897             : /***********************************************************************/
    3898             : /**                               Flxn                                **/
    3899             : /***********************************************************************/
    3900             : 
    3901             : GEN
    3902       54237 : Flx_invLaplace(GEN x, ulong p)
    3903             : {
    3904       54237 :   long i, d = degpol(x);
    3905             :   ulong t;
    3906             :   GEN y;
    3907       54232 :   if (d <= 1) return Flx_copy(x);
    3908       54232 :   t = Fl_inv(factorial_Fl(d, p), p);
    3909       54289 :   y = cgetg(d+3, t_VECSMALL);
    3910       54240 :   y[1] = x[1];
    3911     1326184 :   for (i=d; i>=2; i--)
    3912             :   {
    3913     1271911 :     uel(y,i+2) = Fl_mul(uel(x,i+2), t, p);
    3914     1271885 :     t = Fl_mul(t, i, p);
    3915             :   }
    3916       54273 :   uel(y,3) = uel(x,3);
    3917       54273 :   uel(y,2) = uel(x,2);
    3918       54273 :   return y;
    3919             : }
    3920             : 
    3921             : GEN
    3922       27269 : Flx_Laplace(GEN x, ulong p)
    3923             : {
    3924       27269 :   long i, d = degpol(x);
    3925       27269 :   ulong t = 1;
    3926             :   GEN y;
    3927       27269 :   if (d <= 1) return Flx_copy(x);
    3928       27269 :   y = cgetg(d+3, t_VECSMALL);
    3929       27258 :   y[1] = x[1];
    3930       27258 :   uel(y,2) = uel(x,2);
    3931       27258 :   uel(y,3) = uel(x,3);
    3932      754992 :   for (i=2; i<=d; i++)
    3933             :   {
    3934      727702 :     t = Fl_mul(t, i%p, p);
    3935      727722 :     uel(y,i+2) = Fl_mul(uel(x,i+2), t, p);
    3936             :   }
    3937       27290 :   return y;
    3938             : }
    3939             : 
    3940             : GEN
    3941     6230437 : Flxn_red(GEN a, long n)
    3942             : {
    3943     6230437 :   long i, L, l = lg(a);
    3944             :   GEN  b;
    3945     6230437 :   if (l == 2 || !n) return zero_Flx(a[1]);
    3946     5840784 :   L = n+2; if (L > l) L = l;
    3947     5840784 :   b = cgetg(L, t_VECSMALL); b[1] = a[1];
    3948    58601833 :   for (i=2; i<L; i++) b[i] = a[i];
    3949     5837735 :   return Flx_renormalize(b,L);
    3950             : }
    3951             : 
    3952             : GEN
    3953     5063670 : Flxn_mul_pre(GEN a, GEN b, long n, ulong p, ulong pi)
    3954     5063670 : { return Flxn_red(Flx_mul_pre(a, b, p, pi), n); }
    3955             : GEN
    3956       75304 : Flxn_mul(GEN a, GEN b, long n, ulong p)
    3957       75304 : { return Flxn_mul_pre(a, b, n, p, SMALL_ULONG(p)? 0: get_Fl_red(p)); }
    3958             : 
    3959             : GEN
    3960           0 : Flxn_sqr_pre(GEN a, long n, ulong p, ulong pi)
    3961           0 : { return Flxn_red(Flx_sqr_pre(a, p, pi), n); }
    3962             : GEN
    3963           0 : Flxn_sqr(GEN a, long n, ulong p)
    3964           0 : { return Flxn_sqr_pre(a, n, p, SMALL_ULONG(p)? 0: get_Fl_red(p)); }
    3965             : 
    3966             : /* (f*g) \/ x^n */
    3967             : static GEN
    3968      937389 : Flx_mulhigh_i(GEN f, GEN g, long n, ulong p, ulong pi)
    3969      937389 : { return Flx_shift(Flx_mul_pre(f, g, p, pi),-n); }
    3970             : 
    3971             : static GEN
    3972      515881 : Flxn_mulhigh(GEN f, GEN g, long n2, long n, ulong p, ulong pi)
    3973             : {
    3974      515881 :   GEN F = Flx_blocks(f, n2, 2), fl = gel(F,1), fh = gel(F,2);
    3975      515559 :   return Flx_add(Flx_mulhigh_i(fl, g, n2, p, pi),
    3976             :                  Flxn_mul_pre(fh, g, n - n2, p, pi), p);
    3977             : }
    3978             : 
    3979             : /* g==NULL -> assume g==1 */
    3980             : GEN
    3981       55064 : Flxn_div_pre(GEN g, GEN f, long e, ulong p, ulong pi)
    3982             : {
    3983       55064 :   pari_sp av = avma, av2;
    3984             :   ulong mask;
    3985             :   GEN W;
    3986       55064 :   long n = 1;
    3987       55064 :   if (lg(f) <= 2) pari_err_INV("Flxn_inv",f);
    3988       55064 :   W = Fl_to_Flx(Fl_inv(uel(f,2),p), f[1]);
    3989       55088 :   mask = quadratic_prec_mask(e);
    3990       55080 :   av2 = avma;
    3991      258253 :   for (;mask>1;)
    3992             :   {
    3993             :     GEN u, fr;
    3994      203176 :     long n2 = n;
    3995      203176 :     n<<=1; if (mask & 1) n--;
    3996      203176 :     mask >>= 1;
    3997      203176 :     fr = Flxn_red(f, n);
    3998      202979 :     if (mask>1 || !g)
    3999             :     {
    4000      148992 :       u = Flxn_mul_pre(W, Flxn_mulhigh(fr, W, n2, n, p, pi), n-n2, p, pi);
    4001      149452 :       W = Flx_sub(W, Flx_shift(u, n2), p);
    4002             :     } else
    4003             :     {
    4004       53987 :       GEN y = Flxn_mul_pre(g, W, n, p, pi), yt =  Flxn_red(y, n-n2);
    4005       53965 :       u = Flxn_mul_pre(yt, Flxn_mulhigh(fr,  W, n2, n, p, pi), n-n2, p, pi);
    4006       53967 :       W = Flx_sub(y, Flx_shift(u, n2), p);
    4007             :     }
    4008      203164 :     if (gc_needed(av2,2))
    4009             :     {
    4010           0 :       if(DEBUGMEM>1) pari_warn(warnmem,"Flxn_div, e = %ld", n);
    4011           0 :       W = gerepileupto(av2, W);
    4012             :     }
    4013             :   }
    4014       55077 :   return gerepileupto(av, W);
    4015             : }
    4016             : GEN
    4017       55025 : Flxn_div(GEN g, GEN f, long e, ulong p)
    4018       55025 : { return Flxn_div_pre(g, f, e, p, SMALL_ULONG(p)? 0: get_Fl_red(p)); }
    4019             : 
    4020             : GEN
    4021        1030 : Flxn_inv(GEN f, long e, ulong p)
    4022        1030 : { return Flxn_div(NULL, f, e, p); }
    4023             : 
    4024             : GEN
    4025      109334 : Flxn_expint(GEN h, long e, ulong p)
    4026             : {
    4027      109334 :   pari_sp av = avma, av2;
    4028      109334 :   long v = h[1], n=1;
    4029      109334 :   GEN f = pol1_Flx(v), g = pol1_Flx(v);
    4030      109298 :   ulong mask = quadratic_prec_mask(e), pi = SMALL_ULONG(p)? 0: get_Fl_red(p);
    4031      109302 :   av2 = avma;
    4032      422549 :   for (;mask>1;)
    4033             :   {
    4034             :     GEN u, w;
    4035      422469 :     long n2 = n;
    4036      422469 :     n<<=1; if (mask & 1) n--;
    4037      422469 :     mask >>= 1;
    4038      422469 :     u = Flxn_mul_pre(g, Flx_mulhigh_i(f, Flxn_red(h, n2-1), n2-1, p,pi), n-n2, p,pi);
    4039      422449 :     u = Flx_add(u, Flx_shift(Flxn_red(h, n-1), 1-n2), p);
    4040      422504 :     w = Flxn_mul_pre(f, Flx_integXn(u, n2-1, p), n-n2, p, pi);
    4041      422454 :     f = Flx_add(f, Flx_shift(w, n2), p);
    4042      422589 :     if (mask<=1) break;
    4043      313260 :     u = Flxn_mul_pre(g, Flxn_mulhigh(f, g, n2, n, p, pi), n-n2, p, pi);
    4044      313241 :     g = Flx_sub(g, Flx_shift(u, n2), p);
    4045      313247 :     if (gc_needed(av2,2))
    4046             :     {
    4047           0 :       if (DEBUGMEM>1) pari_warn(warnmem,"Flxn_exp, e = %ld", n);
    4048           0 :       gerepileall(av2, 2, &f, &g);
    4049             :     }
    4050             :   }
    4051      109409 :   return gerepileupto(av, f);
    4052             : }
    4053             : 
    4054             : GEN
    4055           0 : Flxn_exp(GEN h, long e, ulong p)
    4056             : {
    4057           0 :   if (degpol(h)<1 || uel(h,2)!=0)
    4058           0 :     pari_err_DOMAIN("Flxn_exp","valuation", "<", gen_1, h);
    4059           0 :   return Flxn_expint(Flx_deriv(h, p), e, p);
    4060             : }
    4061             : 
    4062             : INLINE GEN
    4063      216946 : Flxn_recip(GEN x, long n)
    4064             : {
    4065      216946 :   GEN z=Flx_recipspec(x+2,lgpol(x),n);
    4066      216751 :   z[1]=x[1];
    4067      216751 :   return z;
    4068             : }
    4069             : 
    4070             : GEN
    4071       53996 : Flx_Newton(GEN P, long n, ulong p)
    4072             : {
    4073       53996 :   pari_sp av = avma;
    4074       53996 :   long d = degpol(P);
    4075       53990 :   GEN dP = Flxn_recip(Flx_deriv(P, p), d);
    4076       53883 :   GEN Q = Flxn_div(dP, Flxn_recip(P, d+1), n, p);
    4077       53935 :   return gerepileuptoleaf(av, Q);
    4078             : }
    4079             : 
    4080             : GEN
    4081      109339 : Flx_fromNewton(GEN P, ulong p)
    4082             : {
    4083      109339 :   pari_sp av = avma;
    4084      109339 :   ulong n = Flx_constant(P)+1;
    4085      109338 :   GEN z = Flx_neg(Flx_shift(P, -1), p);
    4086      109334 :   GEN Q = Flxn_recip(Flxn_expint(z, n, p), n);
    4087      109313 :   return gerepileuptoleaf(av, Q);
    4088             : }
    4089             : 
    4090             : static void
    4091       12514 : init_invlaplace(long d, ulong p, GEN *pt_P, GEN *pt_V)
    4092             : {
    4093             :   long i;
    4094             :   ulong e;
    4095       12514 :   GEN P = cgetg(d+1, t_VECSMALL);
    4096       12514 :   GEN V = cgetg(d+1, t_VECSMALL);
    4097     1396581 :   for (i=1, e=1; i<=d; i++, e++)
    4098             :   {
    4099     1384067 :     if (e==p)
    4100             :     {
    4101      459153 :       e = 0;
    4102      459153 :       V[i] = u_lvalrem(i, p, &uel(P,i));
    4103             :     } else
    4104             :     {
    4105      924914 :       V[i] = 0; uel(P,i) = i;
    4106             :     }
    4107             :   }
    4108       12514 :   *pt_P = P; *pt_V = V;
    4109       12514 : }
    4110             : 
    4111             : /* return p^val * FpX_invLaplace(1+x+...x^(n-1), q), with q a power of p and
    4112             :  * val large enough to compensate for the power of p in the factorials */
    4113             : 
    4114             : static GEN
    4115         497 : ZpX_invLaplace_init(long n, GEN q, ulong p, long v, long sv)
    4116             : {
    4117         497 :   pari_sp av = avma;
    4118         497 :   long i, d = n-1, w;
    4119             :   GEN y, W, E, t;
    4120         497 :   init_invlaplace(d, p, &E, &W);
    4121         497 :   t = Fp_inv(FpV_prod(Flv_to_ZV(E), q), q);
    4122         497 :   w = zv_sum(W);
    4123         497 :   if (v > w) t = Fp_mul(t, powuu(p, v-w), q);
    4124         497 :   y = cgetg(d+3,t_POL);
    4125         497 :   y[1] = evalsigne(1) | sv;
    4126       28882 :   for (i=d; i>=1; i--)
    4127             :   {
    4128       28385 :     gel(y,i+2) = t;
    4129       28385 :     t = Fp_mulu(t, uel(E,i), q);
    4130       28385 :     if (uel(W,i)) t = Fp_mul(t, powuu(p, uel(W,i)), q);
    4131             :   }
    4132         497 :   gel(y,2) = t;
    4133         497 :   return gerepilecopy(av, ZX_renormalize(y, d+3));
    4134             : }
    4135             : 
    4136             : GEN
    4137       27499 : Flx_composedsum(GEN P, GEN Q, ulong p)
    4138             : {
    4139       27499 :   pari_sp av = avma;
    4140       27499 :   long n = 1 + degpol(P)*degpol(Q);
    4141       27494 :   ulong lead = Fl_mul(Fl_powu(Flx_lead(P), degpol(Q), p),
    4142       27495 :                       Fl_powu(Flx_lead(Q), degpol(P), p), p);
    4143             :   GEN R;
    4144       27500 :   if (p >= (ulong)n)
    4145             :   {
    4146       27003 :     GEN Pl = Flx_invLaplace(Flx_Newton(P,n,p), p);
    4147       27000 :     GEN Ql = Flx_invLaplace(Flx_Newton(Q,n,p), p);
    4148       26990 :     GEN L  = Flx_Laplace(Flxn_mul(Pl, Ql, n, p), p);
    4149       26995 :     R = Flx_fromNewton(L, p);
    4150             :   } else
    4151             :   {
    4152         497 :     long v = factorial_lval(n-1, p);
    4153         497 :     long w = 1 + ulogint(n-1, p);
    4154         497 :     GEN pv = powuu(p, v);
    4155         497 :     GEN qf = powuu(p, w), q = mulii(pv, qf), q2 = mulii(q, pv);
    4156         497 :     GEN iL = ZpX_invLaplace_init(n, q, p, v, P[1]);
    4157         497 :     GEN Pl = FpX_convol(iL, FpX_Newton(Flx_to_ZX(P), n, qf), q);
    4158         497 :     GEN Ql = FpX_convol(iL, FpX_Newton(Flx_to_ZX(Q), n, qf), q);
    4159         497 :     GEN Ln = ZX_Z_divexact(FpXn_mul(Pl, Ql, n, q2), pv);
    4160         497 :     GEN L  = ZX_Z_divexact(FpX_Laplace(Ln, q), pv);
    4161         497 :     R = ZX_to_Flx(FpX_fromNewton(L, qf), p);
    4162             :   }
    4163       27474 :   return gerepileuptoleaf(av, Flx_Fl_mul(R, lead, p));
    4164             : }
    4165             : 
    4166             : static GEN
    4167        3826 : _Flx_composedsum(void *E, GEN a, GEN b)
    4168        3826 : { return Flx_composedsum(a, b, (ulong)E); }
    4169             : 
    4170             : GEN
    4171       28901 : FlxV_composedsum(GEN V, ulong p)
    4172       28901 : { return gen_product(V, (void *)p, &_Flx_composedsum); }
    4173             : 
    4174             : GEN
    4175           0 : Flx_composedprod(GEN P, GEN Q, ulong p)
    4176             : {
    4177           0 :   pari_sp av = avma;
    4178           0 :   long n = 1+ degpol(P)*degpol(Q);
    4179           0 :   ulong lead = Fl_mul(Fl_powu(Flx_lead(P), degpol(Q), p),
    4180           0 :                       Fl_powu(Flx_lead(Q), degpol(P), p), p);
    4181             :   GEN R;
    4182           0 :   if (p >= (ulong)n)
    4183             :   {
    4184           0 :     GEN L = Flx_convol(Flx_Newton(P,n,p), Flx_Newton(Q,n,p), p);
    4185           0 :     R = Flx_fromNewton(L, p);
    4186             :   } else
    4187             :   {
    4188           0 :     long w = 1 + ulogint(n, p);
    4189           0 :     GEN qf = powuu(p, w);
    4190           0 :     GEN Pl = FpX_convol(FpX_Newton(Flx_to_ZX(P), n, qf), FpX_Newton(Flx_to_ZX(Q), n, qf), qf);
    4191           0 :     R = ZX_to_Flx(FpX_fromNewton(Pl, qf), p);
    4192             :   }
    4193           0 :   return gerepileuptoleaf(av, Flx_Fl_mul(R, lead, p));
    4194             : 
    4195             : }
    4196             : 
    4197             : /* (x+1)^n mod p; assume 2 <= n < 2p prime */
    4198             : static GEN
    4199           0 : Fl_Xp1_powu(ulong n, ulong p, long v)
    4200             : {
    4201           0 :   ulong k, d = (n + 1) >> 1;
    4202           0 :   GEN C, V = identity_zv(d);
    4203             : 
    4204           0 :   Flv_inv_inplace(V, p); /* could restrict to odd integers in [3,d] */
    4205           0 :   C = cgetg(n+3, t_VECSMALL);
    4206           0 :   C[1] = v;
    4207           0 :   uel(C,2) = 1UL;
    4208           0 :   uel(C,3) = n%p;
    4209           0 :   uel(C,4) = Fl_mul(odd(n)? n: n-1, n >> 1, p);
    4210             :     /* binom(n,k) = binom(n,k-1) * (n-k+1) / k */
    4211           0 :   if (SMALL_ULONG(p))
    4212           0 :     for (k = 3; k <= d; k++)
    4213           0 :       uel(C,k+2) = Fl_mul(Fl_mul(n-k+1, uel(C,k+1), p), uel(V,k), p);
    4214             :   else
    4215             :   {
    4216           0 :     ulong pi  = get_Fl_red(p);
    4217           0 :     for (k = 3; k <= d; k++)
    4218           0 :       uel(C,k+2) = Fl_mul_pre(Fl_mul(n-k+1, uel(C,k+1), p), uel(V,k), p, pi);
    4219             :   }
    4220           0 :   for (   ; k <= n; k++) uel(C,2+k) = uel(C,2+n-k);
    4221           0 :   return C; /* normalized */
    4222             : }
    4223             : 
    4224             : /* p arbitrary */
    4225             : GEN
    4226       28236 : Flx_translate1_basecase(GEN P, ulong p)
    4227             : {
    4228       28236 :   GEN R = Flx_copy(P);
    4229       28236 :   long i, k, n = degpol(P);
    4230      654893 :   for (i = 1; i <= n; i++)
    4231    14846873 :     for (k = n-i; k < n; k++) uel(R,k+2) = Fl_add(uel(R,k+2), uel(R,k+3), p);
    4232       28236 :   return R;
    4233             : }
    4234             : 
    4235             : static int
    4236       41401 : translate_basecase(long n, ulong p)
    4237             : {
    4238             : #ifdef LONG_IS_64BIT
    4239       36102 :   if (p <= 19) return n < 40;
    4240       29910 :   if (p < 1UL<<30) return n < 58;
    4241           0 :   if (p < 1UL<<59) return n < 100;
    4242           0 :   if (p < 1UL<<62) return n < 120;
    4243           0 :   if (p < 1UL<<63) return n < 240;
    4244           0 :   return n < 250;
    4245             : #else
    4246        5299 :   if (p <= 13) return n < 18;
    4247        4136 :   if (p <= 17) return n < 22;
    4248        4078 :   if (p <= 29) return n < 39;
    4249        3886 :   if (p <= 67) return n < 69;
    4250        3667 :   if (p < 1UL<< 15) return n < 80;
    4251        2047 :   if (p < 1UL<< 16) return n < 100;
    4252           0 :   if (p < 1UL<< 28) return n < 300;
    4253           0 :   return n < 650;
    4254             : #endif
    4255             : }
    4256             : /* assume p prime */
    4257             : GEN
    4258       16142 : Flx_translate1(GEN P, ulong p)
    4259             : {
    4260       16142 :   long d, n = degpol(P);
    4261             :   GEN R, Q, S;
    4262       16142 :   if (translate_basecase(n, p)) return Flx_translate1_basecase(P, p);
    4263             :   /* n > 0 */
    4264        1148 :   d = n >> 1;
    4265        1148 :   if ((ulong)n < p)
    4266             :   {
    4267           0 :     R = Flx_translate1(Flxn_red(P, d), p);
    4268           0 :     Q = Flx_translate1(Flx_shift(P, -d), p);
    4269           0 :     S = Fl_Xp1_powu(d, p, P[1]);
    4270           0 :     return Flx_add(Flx_mul(Q, S, p), R, p);
    4271             :   }
    4272             :   else
    4273             :   {
    4274             :     ulong q;
    4275        1148 :     if ((ulong)d > p) (void)ulogintall(d, p, &q); else q = p;
    4276        1148 :     R = Flx_translate1(Flxn_red(P, q), p);
    4277        1148 :     Q = Flx_translate1(Flx_shift(P, -q), p);
    4278        1148 :     S = Flx_add(Flx_shift(Q, q), Q, p);
    4279        1148 :     return Flx_add(S, R, p); /* P(x+1) = Q(x+1) (x^q+1) + R(x+1) */
    4280             :   }
    4281             : }
    4282             : 
    4283             : GEN
    4284           0 : Flx_translate(GEN P, ulong c, ulong p)
    4285             : {
    4286           0 :   pari_sp av = avma;
    4287             :   GEN Q;
    4288           0 :   if (c==0) return Flx_copy(P);
    4289           0 :   if (c==1) return Flx_translate1(P, p);
    4290           0 :   Q = Flx_unscale(Flx_translate1(Flx_unscale(P, c, p), p), Fl_inv(c, p), p);
    4291           0 :   return gerepileuptoleaf(av, Q);
    4292             : }
    4293             : 
    4294             : static GEN
    4295       12017 : zl_Xp1_powu(ulong n, ulong p, ulong q, long e, long vs)
    4296             : {
    4297       12017 :   ulong k, d = n >> 1, c, v = 0;
    4298       12017 :   GEN C, V, W, U = upowers(p, e-1);
    4299       12017 :   init_invlaplace(d, p, &V, &W);
    4300       12017 :   Flv_inv_inplace(V, q);
    4301       12017 :   C = cgetg(n+3, t_VECSMALL);
    4302       12017 :   C[1] = vs;
    4303       12017 :   uel(C,2) = 1UL;
    4304       12017 :   uel(C,3) = n%q;
    4305       12017 :   v = u_lvalrem(n, p, &c);
    4306     1355682 :   for (k = 2; k <= d; k++)
    4307             :   {
    4308             :     ulong w;
    4309     1343665 :     v += u_lvalrem(n-k+1, p, &w) - W[k];
    4310     1343665 :     c = Fl_mul(Fl_mul(w%q, c, q), uel(V,k), q);
    4311     1343665 :     uel(C,2+k) = v >= (ulong)e ? 0: v==0 ? c : Fl_mul(c, uel(U, v+1), q);
    4312             :   }
    4313     1374521 :   for (   ; k <= n; k++) uel(C,2+k) = uel(C,2+n-k);
    4314       12017 :   return C; /* normalized */
    4315             : }
    4316             : 
    4317             : GEN
    4318       25259 : zlx_translate1(GEN P, ulong p, long e)
    4319             : {
    4320       25259 :   ulong d, q = upowuu(p,e), n = degpol(P);
    4321             :   GEN R, Q, S;
    4322       25259 :   if (translate_basecase(n, q)) return Flx_translate1_basecase(P, q);
    4323             :   /* n > 0 */
    4324       12017 :   d = n >> 1;
    4325       12017 :   R = zlx_translate1(Flxn_red(P, d), p, e);
    4326       12017 :   Q = zlx_translate1(Flx_shift(P, -d), p, e);
    4327       12017 :   S = zl_Xp1_powu(d, p, q, e, P[1]);
    4328       12017 :   return Flx_add(Flx_mul(Q, S, q), R, q);
    4329             : }
    4330             : 
    4331             : /***********************************************************************/
    4332             : /**                               Fl2                                 **/
    4333             : /***********************************************************************/
    4334             : /* Fl2 objects are Flv of length 2 [a,b] representing a+bsqrt(D) for
    4335             :  * a nonsquare D. */
    4336             : 
    4337             : INLINE GEN
    4338     7191009 : mkF2(ulong a, ulong b) { return mkvecsmall2(a,b); }
    4339             : 
    4340             : /* allow pi = 0 */
    4341             : GEN
    4342     1915753 : Fl2_mul_pre(GEN x, GEN y, ulong D, ulong p, ulong pi)
    4343             : {
    4344             :   ulong xaya, xbyb, Db2, mid, z1, z2;
    4345     1915753 :   ulong x1 = x[1], x2 = x[2], y1 = y[1], y2 = y[2];
    4346     1915753 :   if (pi)
    4347             :   {
    4348     1915784 :     xaya = Fl_mul_pre(x1,y1,p,pi);
    4349     1916336 :     if (x2==0 && y2==0) return mkF2(xaya,0);
    4350     1847379 :     if (x2==0) return mkF2(xaya,Fl_mul_pre(x1,y2,p,pi));
    4351     1822655 :     if (y2==0) return mkF2(xaya,Fl_mul_pre(x2,y1,p,pi));
    4352     1822348 :     xbyb = Fl_mul_pre(x2,y2,p,pi);
    4353     1822206 :     mid = Fl_mul_pre(Fl_add(x1,x2,p), Fl_add(y1,y2,p),p,pi);
    4354     1822394 :     Db2 = Fl_mul_pre(D, xbyb, p,pi);
    4355             :   }
    4356           0 :   else if (p & HIGHMASK)
    4357             :   {
    4358           0 :     xaya = Fl_mul(x1,y1,p);
    4359           0 :     if (x2==0 && y2==0) return mkF2(xaya,0);
    4360           0 :     if (x2==0) return mkF2(xaya,Fl_mul(x1,y2,p));
    4361           0 :     if (y2==0) return mkF2(xaya,Fl_mul(x2,y1,p));
    4362           0 :     xbyb = Fl_mul(x2,y2,p);
    4363           0 :     mid = Fl_mul(Fl_add(x1,x2,p), Fl_add(y1,y2,p),p);
    4364           0 :     Db2 = Fl_mul(D, xbyb, p);
    4365             :   }
    4366             :   else
    4367             :   {
    4368           0 :     xaya = (x1 * y1) % p;
    4369           0 :     if (x2==0 && y2==0) return mkF2(xaya,0);
    4370           0 :     if (x2==0) return mkF2(xaya, (x1 * y2) % p);
    4371           0 :     if (y2==0) return mkF2(xaya, (x2 * y1) % p);
    4372           0 :     xbyb = (x2 * y2) % p;
    4373           0 :     mid = (Fl_add(x1,x2,p) * Fl_add(y1,y2,p)) % p;
    4374           0 :     Db2 = (D * xbyb) % p;
    4375             :   }
    4376     1822312 :   z1 = Fl_add(xaya,Db2,p);
    4377     1822261 :   z2 = Fl_sub(mid,Fl_add(xaya,xbyb,p),p);
    4378     1822256 :   return mkF2(z1,z2);
    4379             : }
    4380             : 
    4381             : /* allow pi = 0 */
    4382             : GEN
    4383     4822273 : Fl2_sqr_pre(GEN x, ulong D, ulong p, ulong pi)
    4384             : {
    4385     4822273 :   ulong a = x[1], b = x[2];
    4386             :   ulong a2, Db2, ab;
    4387     4822273 :   if (pi)
    4388             :   {
    4389     4822305 :     a2 = Fl_sqr_pre(a,p,pi);
    4390     4824868 :     if (b==0) return mkF2(a2,0);
    4391     4612285 :     Db2= Fl_mul_pre(D, Fl_sqr_pre(b,p,pi), p,pi);
    4392     4612348 :     ab = Fl_mul_pre(a,b,p,pi);
    4393             :   }
    4394           0 :   else if (p & HIGHMASK)
    4395             :   {
    4396           0 :     a2 = Fl_sqr(a,p);
    4397           0 :     if (b==0) return mkF2(a2,0);
    4398           0 :     Db2= Fl_mul(D, Fl_sqr(b,p), p);
    4399           0 :     ab = Fl_mul(a,b,p);
    4400             :   }
    4401             :   else
    4402             :   {
    4403           0 :     a2 = (a * a) % p;
    4404           0 :     if (b==0) return mkF2(a2,0);
    4405           0 :     Db2= (D * ((b * b) % p)) % p;
    4406           0 :     ab = (a * b) % p;
    4407             :   }
    4408     4612213 :   return mkF2(Fl_add(a2,Db2,p), Fl_double(ab,p));
    4409             : }
    4410             : 
    4411             : /* allow pi = 0 */
    4412             : ulong
    4413      126042 : Fl2_norm_pre(GEN x, ulong D, ulong p, ulong pi)
    4414             : {
    4415      126042 :   ulong a = x[1], b = x[2], a2;
    4416      126042 :   if (pi)
    4417             :   {
    4418       72399 :     a2 = Fl_sqr_pre(a,p,pi);
    4419       72399 :     return b? Fl_sub(a2, Fl_mul_pre(D, Fl_sqr_pre(b, p,pi), p,pi), p): a2;
    4420             :   }
    4421       53643 :   else if (p & HIGHMASK)
    4422             :   {
    4423           0 :     a2 = Fl_sqr(a,p);
    4424           0 :     return b? Fl_sub(a2, Fl_mul(D, Fl_sqr(b, p), p), p): a2;
    4425             :   }
    4426             :   else
    4427             :   {
    4428       53643 :     a2 = (a * a) % p;
    4429       53643 :     return b? Fl_sub(a2, (D * ((b * b) % p)) % p, p): a2;
    4430             :   }
    4431             : }
    4432             : 
    4433             : /* allow pi = 0 */
    4434             : GEN
    4435      192850 : Fl2_inv_pre(GEN x, ulong D, ulong p, ulong pi)
    4436             : {
    4437      192850 :   ulong a = x[1], b = x[2], n, ni;
    4438      192850 :   if (b == 0) return mkF2(Fl_inv(a,p), 0);
    4439      162138 :   b = Fl_neg(b, p);
    4440      162138 :   if (pi)
    4441             :   {
    4442      162138 :     n = Fl_sub(Fl_sqr_pre(a, p,pi),
    4443             :                Fl_mul_pre(D, Fl_sqr_pre(b, p,pi), p,pi), p);
    4444      162140 :     ni = Fl_inv(n,p);
    4445      162142 :     return mkF2(Fl_mul_pre(a, ni, p,pi), Fl_mul_pre(b, ni, p,pi));
    4446             :   }
    4447           0 :   else if (p & HIGHMASK)
    4448             :   {
    4449           0 :     n = Fl_sub(Fl_sqr(a, p), Fl_mul(D, Fl_sqr(b, p), p), p);
    4450           0 :     ni = Fl_inv(n,p);
    4451           0 :     return mkF2(Fl_mul(a, ni, p), Fl_mul(b, ni, p));
    4452             :   }
    4453             :   else
    4454             :   {
    4455           0 :     n = Fl_sub((a * a) % p, (D * ((b * b) % p)) % p, p);
    4456           0 :     ni = Fl_inv(n,p);
    4457           0 :     return mkF2((a * ni) % p, (b * ni) % p);
    4458             :   }
    4459             : }
    4460             : 
    4461             : int
    4462      439598 : Fl2_equal1(GEN x) { return x[1]==1 && x[2]==0; }
    4463             : 
    4464             : struct _Fl2 {
    4465             :   ulong p, pi, D;
    4466             : };
    4467             : 
    4468             : static GEN
    4469     4822299 : _Fl2_sqr(void *data, GEN x)
    4470             : {
    4471     4822299 :   struct _Fl2 *D = (struct _Fl2*)data;
    4472     4822299 :   return Fl2_sqr_pre(x, D->D, D->p, D->pi);
    4473             : }
    4474             : static GEN
    4475     1887296 : _Fl2_mul(void *data, GEN x, GEN y)
    4476             : {
    4477     1887296 :   struct _Fl2 *D = (struct _Fl2*)data;
    4478     1887296 :   return Fl2_mul_pre(x,y, D->D, D->p, D->pi);
    4479             : }
    4480             : 
    4481             : /* n-Power of x in Z/pZ[X]/(T), as t_VECSMALL; allow pi = 0 */
    4482             : GEN
    4483      656742 : Fl2_pow_pre(GEN x, GEN n, ulong D, ulong p, ulong pi)
    4484             : {
    4485      656742 :   pari_sp av = avma;
    4486             :   struct _Fl2 d;
    4487             :   GEN y;
    4488      656742 :   long s = signe(n);
    4489      656742 :   if (!s) return mkF2(1,0);
    4490      582125 :   if (s < 0)
    4491      192850 :     x = Fl2_inv_pre(x,D,p,pi);
    4492      582122 :   if (is_pm1(n)) return s < 0 ? x : zv_copy(x);
    4493      428981 :   d.p = p; d.pi = pi; d.D=D;
    4494      428981 :   y = gen_pow_i(x, n, (void*)&d, &_Fl2_sqr, &_Fl2_mul);
    4495      428991 :   return gerepileuptoleaf(av, y);
    4496             : }
    4497             : 
    4498             : static GEN
    4499      656741 : _Fl2_pow(void *data, GEN x, GEN n)
    4500             : {
    4501      656741 :   struct _Fl2 *D = (struct _Fl2*)data;
    4502      656741 :   return Fl2_pow_pre(x, n, D->D, D->p, D->pi);
    4503             : }
    4504             : 
    4505             : static GEN
    4506      111102 : _Fl2_rand(void *data)
    4507             : {
    4508      111102 :   struct _Fl2 *D = (struct _Fl2*)data;
    4509      111102 :   ulong a = random_Fl(D->p), b=random_Fl(D->p-1)+1;
    4510      111101 :   return mkF2(a,b);
    4511             : }
    4512             : 
    4513             : GEN
    4514       67676 : Fl2_sqrt_pre(GEN z, ulong D, ulong p, ulong pi)
    4515             : {
    4516       67676 :   ulong a = uel(z,1), b = uel(z,2), as2, u, v, s;
    4517       67676 :   ulong y = Fl_2gener_pre_i(D, p, pi);
    4518       67676 :   if (b == 0)
    4519       19383 :     return krouu(a, p)==1 ? mkF2(Fl_sqrt_pre_i(a, y, p, pi), 0)
    4520       19383 :                           : mkF2(0, Fl_sqrt_pre_i(Fl_div(a, D, p), y, p, pi));
    4521       54473 :   s = Fl_sqrt_pre_i(Fl2_norm_pre(z, D, p, pi), y, p, pi);
    4522       54473 :   if (s==~0UL) return NULL;
    4523       51299 :   as2 = Fl_halve(Fl_add(a, s, p), p);
    4524       51299 :   if (krouu(as2, p)==-1) as2 = Fl_sub(as2, s, p);
    4525       51299 :   u = Fl_sqrt_pre_i(as2, y, p, pi);
    4526       51299 :   v = Fl_div(b, Fl_double(u, p), p);
    4527       51299 :   return mkF2(u,v);
    4528             : }
    4529             : 
    4530             : static const struct bb_group Fl2_star={_Fl2_mul, _Fl2_pow, _Fl2_rand,
    4531             :        hash_GEN, zv_equal, Fl2_equal1, NULL};
    4532             : 
    4533             : /* allow pi = 0 */
    4534             : GEN
    4535       74621 : Fl2_sqrtn_pre(GEN a, GEN n, ulong D, ulong p, ulong pi, GEN *zeta)
    4536             : {
    4537             :   struct _Fl2 E;
    4538             :   GEN o;
    4539       74621 :   if (a[1]==0 && a[2]==0)
    4540             :   {
    4541           0 :     if (signe(n) < 0) pari_err_INV("Flxq_sqrtn",a);
    4542           0 :     if (zeta) *zeta=mkF2(1,0);
    4543           0 :     return zv_copy(a);
    4544             :   }
    4545       74621 :   E.p=p; E.pi = pi; E.D = D;
    4546       74621 :   o = subiu(powuu(p,2), 1);
    4547       74617 :   return gen_Shanks_sqrtn(a,n,o,zeta,(void*)&E,&Fl2_star);
    4548             : }
    4549             : 
    4550             : /* allow pi = 0 */
    4551             : GEN
    4552       10528 : Flx_Fl2_eval_pre(GEN x, GEN y, ulong D, ulong p, ulong pi)
    4553             : {
    4554             :   GEN p1;
    4555       10528 :   long i = lg(x)-1;
    4556       10528 :   if (i <= 2)
    4557        2086 :     return mkF2(i == 2? x[2]: 0, 0);
    4558        8442 :   p1 = mkF2(x[i], 0);
    4559       36876 :   for (i--; i>=2; i--)
    4560             :   {
    4561       28434 :     p1 = Fl2_mul_pre(p1, y, D, p, pi);
    4562       28434 :     uel(p1,1) = Fl_add(uel(p1,1), uel(x,i), p);
    4563             :   }
    4564        8442 :   return p1;
    4565             : }
    4566             : 
    4567             : /***********************************************************************/
    4568             : /**                               FlxV                                **/
    4569             : /***********************************************************************/
    4570             : /* FlxV are t_VEC with Flx coefficients. */
    4571             : 
    4572             : GEN
    4573       34482 : FlxV_Flc_mul(GEN V, GEN W, ulong p)
    4574             : {
    4575       34482 :   pari_sp ltop=avma;
    4576             :   long i;
    4577       34482 :   GEN z = Flx_Fl_mul(gel(V,1),W[1],p);
    4578      257068 :   for(i=2;i<lg(V);i++)
    4579      222586 :     z=Flx_add(z,Flx_Fl_mul(gel(V,i),W[i],p),p);
    4580       34482 :   return gerepileuptoleaf(ltop,z);
    4581             : }
    4582             : 
    4583             : GEN
    4584           0 : ZXV_to_FlxV(GEN x, ulong p)
    4585           0 : { pari_APPLY_type(t_VEC, ZX_to_Flx(gel(x,i), p)) }
    4586             : 
    4587             : GEN
    4588     3797724 : ZXT_to_FlxT(GEN x, ulong p)
    4589             : {
    4590     3797724 :   if (typ(x) == t_POL)
    4591     3739242 :     return ZX_to_Flx(x, p);
    4592             :   else
    4593      192026 :     pari_APPLY_type(t_VEC, ZXT_to_FlxT(gel(x,i), p))
    4594             : }
    4595             : 
    4596             : GEN
    4597      171943 : FlxV_to_Flm(GEN x, long n)
    4598      927038 : { pari_APPLY_type(t_MAT, Flx_to_Flv(gel(x,i), n)) }
    4599             : 
    4600             : GEN
    4601           0 : FlxV_red(GEN x, ulong p)
    4602           0 : { pari_APPLY_type(t_VEC, Flx_red(gel(x,i), p)) }
    4603             : 
    4604             : GEN
    4605      292060 : FlxT_red(GEN x, ulong p)
    4606             : {
    4607      292060 :   if (typ(x) == t_VECSMALL)
    4608      196516 :     return Flx_red(x, p);
    4609             :   else
    4610      320370 :     pari_APPLY_type(t_VEC, FlxT_red(gel(x,i), p))
    4611             : }
    4612             : 
    4613             : GEN
    4614      113589 : FlxqV_dotproduct_pre(GEN x, GEN y, GEN T, ulong p, ulong pi)
    4615             : {
    4616      113589 :   long i, lx = lg(x);
    4617             :   pari_sp av;
    4618             :   GEN c;
    4619      113589 :   if (lx == 1) return pol0_Flx(get_Flx_var(T));
    4620      113589 :   av = avma; c = Flx_mul_pre(gel(x,1),gel(y,1), p, pi);
    4621      464499 :   for (i=2; i<lx; i++) c = Flx_add(c, Flx_mul_pre(gel(x,i),gel(y,i), p, pi), p);
    4622      113589 :   return gerepileuptoleaf(av, Flx_rem_pre(c,T,p,pi));
    4623             : }
    4624             : GEN
    4625           0 : FlxqV_dotproduct(GEN x, GEN y, GEN T, ulong p)
    4626           0 : { return FlxqV_dotproduct_pre(x, y, T, p, SMALL_ULONG(p)? 0: get_Fl_red(p)); }
    4627             : 
    4628             : GEN
    4629        1918 : FlxqX_dotproduct(GEN x, GEN y, GEN T, ulong p)
    4630             : {
    4631        1918 :   long i, l = minss(lg(x), lg(y));
    4632             :   ulong pi;
    4633             :   pari_sp av;
    4634             :   GEN c;
    4635        1918 :   if (l == 2) return pol0_Flx(get_Flx_var(T));
    4636        1905 :   av = avma; pi = SMALL_ULONG(p)? 0: get_Fl_red(p);
    4637        1905 :   c = Flx_mul_pre(gel(x,2),gel(y,2), p, pi);
    4638        6202 :   for (i=3; i<l; i++) c = Flx_add(c, Flx_mul_pre(gel(x,i),gel(y,i), p, pi), p);
    4639        1905 :   return gerepileuptoleaf(av, Flx_rem_pre(c,T,p,pi));
    4640             : }
    4641             : 
    4642             : /* allow pi = 0 */
    4643             : GEN
    4644      251072 : FlxC_eval_powers_pre(GEN z, GEN x, ulong p, ulong pi)
    4645             : {
    4646      251072 :   long i, l = lg(z);
    4647      251072 :   GEN y = cgetg(l, t_VECSMALL);
    4648    12742134 :   for (i=1; i<l; i++) uel(y,i) = Flx_eval_powers_pre(gel(z,i), x, p, pi);
    4649      251069 :   return y;
    4650             : }
    4651             : 
    4652             : /***********************************************************************/
    4653             : /**                               FlxM                                **/
    4654             : /***********************************************************************/
    4655             : /* allow pi = 0 */
    4656             : GEN
    4657       19452 : FlxM_eval_powers_pre(GEN z, GEN x, ulong p, ulong pi)
    4658             : {
    4659       19452 :   long i, l = lg(z);
    4660       19452 :   GEN y = cgetg(l, t_MAT);
    4661      270524 :   for (i=1; i<l; i++) gel(y,i) = FlxC_eval_powers_pre(gel(z,i), x, p, pi);
    4662       19452 :   return y;
    4663             : }
    4664             : 
    4665             : GEN
    4666           0 : zero_FlxC(long n, long sv)
    4667             : {
    4668           0 :   GEN x = cgetg(n + 1, t_COL), z = zero_Flx(sv);
    4669             :   long i;
    4670           0 :   for (i = 1; i <= n; i++) gel(x, i) = z;
    4671           0 :   return x;
    4672             : }
    4673             : 
    4674             : GEN
    4675           0 : FlxC_neg(GEN x, ulong p)
    4676           0 : { pari_APPLY_type(t_COL, Flx_neg(gel(x, i), p)) }
    4677             : 
    4678             : GEN
    4679           0 : FlxC_sub(GEN x, GEN y, ulong p)
    4680           0 : { pari_APPLY_type(t_COL, Flx_sub(gel(x, i), gel(y, i), p)) }
    4681             : 
    4682             : GEN
    4683           0 : zero_FlxM(long r, long c, long sv)
    4684             : {
    4685           0 :   GEN x = cgetg(c + 1, t_MAT), z = zero_FlxC(r, sv);
    4686             :   long j;
    4687           0 :   for (j = 1; j <= c; j++) gel(x, j) = z;
    4688           0 :   return x;
    4689             : }
    4690             : 
    4691             : GEN
    4692           0 : FlxM_neg(GEN x, ulong p)
    4693           0 : { pari_APPLY_same(FlxC_neg(gel(x, i), p)) }
    4694             : 
    4695             : GEN
    4696           0 : FlxM_sub(GEN x, GEN y, ulong p)
    4697           0 : { pari_APPLY_same(FlxC_sub(gel(x, i), gel(y,i), p)) }
    4698             : 
    4699             : GEN
    4700           0 : FlxC_translate(GEN x, ulong c, ulong p)
    4701           0 : { pari_APPLY_type(t_COL, Flx_translate(gel(x,i), c, p)) }
    4702             : 
    4703             : GEN
    4704           0 : FlxM_translate(GEN x, ulong c, ulong p)
    4705           0 : { pari_APPLY_same(FlxC_translate(gel(x,i), c, p)) }
    4706             : 
    4707             : GEN
    4708      234667 : FlxqC_red_pre(GEN x, GEN T, ulong p, ulong pi)
    4709     4054381 : { pari_APPLY_type(t_COL, Flx_rem_pre(gel(x,i), T, p, pi)) }
    4710             : 
    4711             : GEN
    4712       81763 : FlxqM_red_pre(GEN x, GEN T, ulong p, ulong pi)
    4713      316430 : { pari_APPLY_same(FlxqC_red_pre(gel(x,i), T, p, pi)) }
    4714             : 
    4715             : GEN
    4716           0 : FlxqC_Flxq_mul(GEN x, GEN y, GEN T, ulong p)
    4717           0 : { pari_APPLY_type(t_COL, Flxq_mul(gel(x, i), y, T, p)) }
    4718             : 
    4719             : GEN
    4720           0 : FlxqM_Flxq_mul(GEN x, GEN y, GEN T, ulong p)
    4721           0 : { pari_APPLY_same(FlxqC_Flxq_mul(gel(x, i), y, T, p)) }
    4722             : 
    4723             : static GEN
    4724       47343 : FlxM_pack_ZM(GEN M, GEN (*pack)(GEN, long)) {
    4725             :   long i, j, l, lc;
    4726       47343 :   GEN N = cgetg_copy(M, &l), x;
    4727       47343 :   if (l == 1)
    4728           0 :     return N;
    4729       47343 :   lc = lgcols(M);
    4730      206352 :   for (j = 1; j < l; j++) {
    4731      159009 :     gel(N, j) = cgetg(lc, t_COL);
    4732      905441 :     for (i = 1; i < lc; i++) {
    4733      746432 :       x = gcoeff(M, i, j);
    4734      746432 :       gcoeff(N, i, j) = pack(x + 2, lgpol(x));
    4735             :     }
    4736             :   }
    4737       47343 :   return N;
    4738             : }
    4739             : 
    4740             : static GEN
    4741      689211 : kron_pack_Flx_spec_half(GEN x, long l) {
    4742      689211 :   if (l == 0) return gen_0;
    4743      458497 :   return Flx_to_int_halfspec(x, l);
    4744             : }
    4745             : 
    4746             : static GEN
    4747       53832 : kron_pack_Flx_spec(GEN x, long l) {
    4748             :   long i;
    4749             :   GEN w, y;
    4750       53832 :   if (l == 0)
    4751       10072 :     return gen_0;
    4752       43760 :   y = cgetipos(l + 2);
    4753      159479 :   for (i = 0, w = int_LSW(y); i < l; i++, w = int_nextW(w))
    4754      115719 :     *w = x[i];
    4755       43760 :   return y;
    4756             : }
    4757             : 
    4758             : static GEN
    4759        3389 : kron_pack_Flx_spec_2(GEN x, long l) { return Flx_eval2BILspec(x, 2, l); }
    4760             : 
    4761             : static GEN
    4762           0 : kron_pack_Flx_spec_3(GEN x, long l) { return Flx_eval2BILspec(x, 3, l); }
    4763             : 
    4764             : static GEN
    4765       42953 : kron_unpack_Flx(GEN z, ulong p)
    4766             : {
    4767       42953 :   long i, l = lgefint(z);
    4768       42953 :   GEN x = cgetg(l, t_VECSMALL), w;
    4769      201969 :   for (w = int_LSW(z), i = 2; i < l; w = int_nextW(w), i++)
    4770      159016 :     x[i] = ((ulong) *w) % p;
    4771       42953 :   return Flx_renormalize(x, l);
    4772             : }
    4773             : 
    4774             : static GEN
    4775        2930 : kron_unpack_Flx_2(GEN x, ulong p) {
    4776        2930 :   long d = (lgefint(x)-1)/2 - 1;
    4777        2930 :   return Z_mod2BIL_Flx_2(x, d, p);
    4778             : }
    4779             : 
    4780             : static GEN
    4781           0 : kron_unpack_Flx_3(GEN x, ulong p) {
    4782           0 :   long d = lgefint(x)/3 - 1;
    4783           0 :   return Z_mod2BIL_Flx_3(x, d, p);
    4784             : }
    4785             : 
    4786             : static GEN
    4787      116095 : FlxM_pack_ZM_bits(GEN M, long b)
    4788             : {
    4789             :   long i, j, l, lc;
    4790      116095 :   GEN N = cgetg_copy(M, &l), x;
    4791      116095 :   if (l == 1)
    4792           0 :     return N;
    4793      116095 :   lc = lgcols(M);
    4794      478790 :   for (j = 1; j < l; j++) {
    4795      362695 :     gel(N, j) = cgetg(lc, t_COL);
    4796     5949368 :     for (i = 1; i < lc; i++) {
    4797     5586673 :       x = gcoeff(M, i, j);
    4798     5586673 :       gcoeff(N, i, j) = kron_pack_Flx_spec_bits(x + 2, b, lgpol(x));
    4799             :     }
    4800             :   }
    4801      116095 :   return N;
    4802             : }
    4803             : 
    4804             : static GEN
    4805       23675 : ZM_unpack_FlxM(GEN M, ulong p, ulong pi, ulong sv, GEN (*unpack)(GEN, ulong))
    4806             : {
    4807             :   long i, j, l, lc;
    4808       23675 :   GEN N = cgetg_copy(M, &l), x;
    4809       23675 :   if (l == 1)
    4810           0 :     return N;
    4811       23675 :   lc = lgcols(M);
    4812      111660 :   for (j = 1; j < l; j++) {
    4813       87985 :     gel(N, j) = cgetg(lc, t_COL);
    4814      634641 :     for (i = 1; i < lc; i++) {
    4815      546656 :       x = unpack(gcoeff(M, i, j), p);
    4816      546656 :       x[1] = sv;
    4817      546656 :       gcoeff(N, i, j) = x;
    4818             :     }
    4819             :   }
    4820       23675 :   return N;
    4821             : }
    4822             : 
    4823             : static GEN
    4824       58088 : ZM_unpack_FlxM_bits(GEN M, long b, ulong p, ulong pi, long sv)
    4825             : {
    4826             :   long i, j, l, lc;
    4827       58088 :   GEN N = cgetg_copy(M, &l), x;
    4828       58088 :   if (l == 1)
    4829           0 :     return N;
    4830       58088 :   lc = lgcols(M);
    4831       58088 :   if (b < BITS_IN_LONG) {
    4832      194986 :     for (j = 1; j < l; j++) {
    4833      138551 :       gel(N, j) = cgetg(lc, t_COL);
    4834     3244565 :       for (i = 1; i < lc; i++) {
    4835     3106014 :         x = kron_unpack_Flx_bits_narrow(gcoeff(M, i, j), b, p);
    4836     3106014 :         x[1] = sv;
    4837     3106014 :         gcoeff(N, i, j) = x;
    4838             :       }
    4839             :     }
    4840             :   } else {
    4841        1653 :     ulong pi = get_Fl_red(p);
    4842        9784 :     for (j = 1; j < l; j++) {
    4843        8131 :       gel(N, j) = cgetg(lc, t_COL);
    4844      175175 :       for (i = 1; i < lc; i++) {
    4845      167044 :         x = kron_unpack_Flx_bits_wide(gcoeff(M, i, j), b, p, pi);
    4846      167044 :         x[1] = sv;
    4847      167044 :         gcoeff(N, i, j) = x;
    4848             :       }
    4849             :     }
    4850             :   }
    4851       58088 :   return N;
    4852             : }
    4853             : 
    4854             : static GEN
    4855       81763 : FlxM_mul_Kronecker_i(GEN A, GEN B, ulong p, ulong pi, long d, long sv)
    4856             : {
    4857       81763 :   long b, n = lg(A) - 1;
    4858             :   GEN C, z;
    4859             :   GEN (*pack)(GEN, long), (*unpack)(GEN, ulong);
    4860       81763 :   int is_sqr = A==B;
    4861             : 
    4862       81763 :   z = muliu(muliu(sqru(p - 1), d), n);
    4863       81763 :   b = expi(z) + 1;
    4864             :   /* only do expensive bit-packing if it saves at least 1 limb */
    4865       81763 :   if (b <= BITS_IN_HALFULONG)
    4866       77394 :   { if (nbits2nlong(d*b) == (d + 1)/2) b = BITS_IN_HALFULONG; }
    4867             :   else
    4868             :   {
    4869        4369 :     long l = lgefint(z) - 2;
    4870        4369 :     if (nbits2nlong(d*b) == d*l) b = l*BITS_IN_LONG;
    4871             :   }
    4872             : 
    4873       81763 :   switch (b) {
    4874       22608 :   case BITS_IN_HALFULONG:
    4875       22608 :     pack = kron_pack_Flx_spec_half;
    4876       22608 :     unpack = int_to_Flx_half;
    4877       22608 :     break;
    4878        1018 :   case BITS_IN_LONG:
    4879        1018 :     pack = kron_pack_Flx_spec;
    4880        1018 :     unpack = kron_unpack_Flx;
    4881        1018 :     break;
    4882          49 :   case 2*BITS_IN_LONG:
    4883          49 :     pack = kron_pack_Flx_spec_2;
    4884          49 :     unpack = kron_unpack_Flx_2;
    4885          49 :     break;
    4886           0 :   case 3*BITS_IN_LONG:
    4887           0 :     pack = kron_pack_Flx_spec_3;
    4888           0 :     unpack = kron_unpack_Flx_3;
    4889           0 :     break;
    4890       58088 :   default:
    4891       58088 :     A = FlxM_pack_ZM_bits(A, b);
    4892       58088 :     B = is_sqr? A: FlxM_pack_ZM_bits(B, b);
    4893       58088 :     C = ZM_mul(A, B);
    4894       58088 :     return ZM_unpack_FlxM_bits(C, b, p, pi, sv);
    4895             :   }
    4896       23675 :   A = FlxM_pack_ZM(A, pack);
    4897       23675 :   B = is_sqr? A: FlxM_pack_ZM(B, pack);
    4898       23675 :   C = ZM_mul(A, B);
    4899       23675 :   return ZM_unpack_FlxM(C, p, pi, sv, unpack);
    4900             : }
    4901             : 
    4902             : GEN
    4903       81763 : FlxqM_mul_Kronecker(GEN A, GEN B, GEN T, ulong p)
    4904             : {
    4905       81763 :   pari_sp av = avma;
    4906       81763 :   ulong pi = SMALL_ULONG(p)? 0: get_Fl_red(p);
    4907       81763 :   long sv = get_Flx_var(T), d = get_Flx_degree(T);
    4908       81763 :   GEN C = FlxM_mul_Kronecker_i(A, B, p, pi, d, sv);
    4909       81763 :   C = FlxqM_red_pre(C, T, p, pi);
    4910       81763 :   return gerepileupto(av, C);
    4911             : }
    4912             : 
    4913             : /* assume m > 1 */
    4914             : static long
    4915           0 : FlxV_max_degree_i(GEN x, long m)
    4916             : {
    4917           0 :   long i, l = degpol(gel(x,1));
    4918           0 :   for (i = 2; i < m; i++) l = maxss(l, degpol(gel(x,i)));
    4919           0 :   return l;
    4920             : }
    4921             : 
    4922             : /* assume n > 1 and m > 1 */
    4923             : static long
    4924           0 : FlxM_max_degree_i(GEN x, long n, long m)
    4925             : {
    4926           0 :   long j, l = FlxV_max_degree_i(gel(x,1), m);
    4927           0 :   for (j = 2; j < n; j++) l = maxss(l, FlxV_max_degree_i(gel(x,j), m));
    4928           0 :   return l;
    4929             : }
    4930             : 
    4931             : static long
    4932           0 : FlxM_max_degree(GEN x)
    4933             : {
    4934           0 :   long n = lg(x), m;
    4935           0 :   if (n == 1) return -1;
    4936           0 :   m = lgcols(x); return m == 1? -1: FlxM_max_degree_i(x, n, m);
    4937             : }
    4938             : 
    4939             : GEN
    4940           0 : FlxM_mul(GEN x, GEN y, ulong p)
    4941             : {
    4942           0 :   pari_sp av = avma;
    4943           0 :   ulong pi = SMALL_ULONG(p)? 0: get_Fl_red(p);
    4944             :   long sv, d;
    4945           0 :   if (lg(x) == 1) return cgetg(1,t_MAT);
    4946           0 :   if (lg(gel(x,1))==1) return FlxqM_mul(x, y, NULL, p);
    4947           0 :   sv = mael3(x,1,1,1);
    4948           0 :   d = maxss(FlxM_max_degree(x), FlxM_max_degree(y));
    4949           0 :   return gerepilecopy(av, FlxM_mul_Kronecker_i(x, y, p, pi, d+1, sv));
    4950             : }

Generated by: LCOV version 1.16