Code coverage tests

This page documents the degree to which the PARI/GP source code is tested by our public test suite, distributed with the source distribution in directory src/test/. This is measured by the gcov utility; we then process gcov output using the lcov frond-end.

We test a few variants depending on Configure flags on the pari.math.u-bordeaux.fr machine (x86_64 architecture), and agregate them in the final report:

The target is to exceed 90% coverage for all mathematical modules (given that branches depending on DEBUGLEVEL or DEBUGMEM are not covered). This script is run to produce the results below.

LCOV - code coverage report
Current view: top level - headers - pariinl.h (source / functions) Hit Total Coverage
Test: PARI/GP v2.18.1 lcov report (development 30640-c2c58e18c5) Lines: 1420 1535 92.5 %
Date: 2026-01-27 08:51:18 Functions: 649 707 91.8 %
Legend: Lines: hit not hit

Function Name Sort by function name Hit count Sort by hit count
F2m_clear 0
F2m_coeff 7551215
F2m_copy 107626
F2m_flip 1540215
F2m_set 798
F2v_clear 9766156
F2v_coeff 652967675
F2v_copy 4487
F2v_ei 42
F2v_flip 1540215
F2v_set 99113737
F2v_to_F2x 36055
F2xX_shift 0
F2x_clear 9766154
F2x_coeff 659517440
F2x_copy 59449746
F2x_div 1474129
F2x_equal 4568663
F2x_equal1 2809607
F2x_flip 1540215
F2x_renormalize 113495389
F2x_set 122177892
F2xqX_div 33173
F3m_coeff 3179144
F3m_copy 0
F3m_set 0
Flm_copy 5555562
Flm_row 8235149
Flv_copy 2530829
Flx_constant 302606
Flx_copy 155949041
Flx_div 1758880
Flx_div_pre 18103689
Flx_equal1 7150744
Flx_lead 913659
Flx_mulu 1104696
FlxqX_div 0
FlxqX_div_pre 66128
Flxq_add 0
Flxq_sub 0
FpV_FpC_mul 0
FpXQX_div 4526
FpXQX_renormalize 2436398
FpXQ_add 0
FpXQ_sub 0
FpXX_renormalize 847997
FpXY_Fq_evaly 20587
FpX_div 4762365
FpX_renormalize 132267073
Fp_add 180558798
Fp_addmul 11166623
Fp_center 74130021
Fp_center_i 16490053
Fp_div 15035016
Fp_divu 15129607
Fp_double 21060425
Fp_halve 247271
Fp_inv 21946892
Fp_invsafe 923851
Fp_mul 195565924
Fp_muls 17780
Fp_mulu 68064410
Fp_neg 30392187
Fp_red 78254384
Fp_sqr 64469419
Fp_sub 203702017
FqXQ_add 0
FqXQ_div 0
FqXQ_inv 0
FqXQ_invsafe 0
FqXQ_mul 22766
FqXQ_pow 0
FqXQ_sqr 0
FqXQ_sub 0
FqX_Fp_mul 512155
FqX_Fq_mul 174789
FqX_add 127694
FqX_ddf 7
FqX_degfact 47786
FqX_deriv 40061
FqX_div 11947
FqX_div_by_X_x 69699
FqX_divrem 0
FqX_extgcd 308934
FqX_factor 136493
FqX_factor_squarefree 7
FqX_gcd 8204
FqX_get_red 6090
FqX_halfgcd 0
FqX_halve 19411
FqX_integ 0
FqX_is_squarefree 683802
FqX_mul 283321
FqX_mulu 21942
FqX_neg 24956
FqX_normalize 4102
FqX_powu 1295
FqX_red 25354
FqX_rem 37743
FqX_roots 7273
FqX_sqr 71855
FqX_sub 68607
FqX_to_mod 175
FqXn_exp 0
FqXn_expint 6590
FqXn_inv 7126
FqXn_mul 263403
FqXn_sqr 0
Fq_red 3072779
Fq_to_FpXQ 73652
GENbinbase 888667050
QV_isscalar 50329834
Q_abs 7835280
Q_abs_shallow 107972
Qtoss 35322
R_abs 0
R_abs_shallow 13097
RgC_fpnorml2 539698
RgC_gtofp 32772461
RgC_gtomp 574
RgM_dimensions 8354439
RgM_fpnorml2 17617
RgM_gtofp 8015964
RgM_gtomp 21
RgM_minor 1036
RgM_shallowcopy 19160682
RgV_gtofp 56
RgV_is_QV 122018
RgV_is_ZV 31976097
RgV_isin 98566
RgV_isin_i 98566
RgV_isscalar 1143405
RgXQX_div 1904
RgXQX_rem 127449
RgX_coeff 2669861
RgX_copy 102923046
RgX_div 6997372
RgX_equal_var 26878517
RgX_fpnorml2 48505
RgX_gtofp 6272942
RgX_is_QX 363421
RgX_is_ZX 20874774
RgX_is_monomial 1256791
RgX_is_rational 32415
RgX_isscalar 0
RgX_renormalize 349807
RgX_shift_inplace 473599
RgX_shift_inplace_init 473599
RgX_to_RgV 140
Rg_col_ei 1140119
Rg_to_Fq 756
ZC_hnfrem 9089071
ZM_ZV_mod 347456
ZM_hnfrem 231661
ZM_lll 6616335
ZV_ZV_mod 6866014
ZV_dvd 23485
ZV_isscalar 22912375
ZV_to_zv 3160924
ZXQ_mul 2030693
ZXQ_sqr 910181
ZX_equal1 12850
ZX_is_monic 7203654
ZX_renormalize 133033454
Z_ispower 98
Z_issquare 453169
abgrp_get_cyc 10706164
abgrp_get_gen 1491805
abgrp_get_no 224194
absfrac 45650860
absfrac_shallow 27055
addmuliu 535862
addmuliu_inplace 55128491
affc_fixlg 249622
affgr 898901
bid_get_MOD 1786163
bid_get_U 3267339
bid_get_arch 17181
bid_get_archp 1889012
bid_get_cyc 5010256
bid_get_fact 1953301
bid_get_fact2 1804643
bid_get_gen 62912
bid_get_gen_nocheck 0
bid_get_grp 5073749
bid_get_ideal 72830
bid_get_mod 1480119
bid_get_no 0
bid_get_sarch 48594
bid_get_sprk 1786894
bin_copy 457777623
bit_accuracy 2999252110
bit_accuracy_mul 3175451
bit_prec 129327057
bnf_get_clgp 4785745
bnf_get_cyc 3368740
bnf_get_fu 25859
bnf_get_fu_nocheck 125441
bnf_get_gen 1408454
bnf_get_logfu 2486144
bnf_get_nf 8885028
bnf_get_no 8372
bnf_get_reg 648
bnf_get_sunits 1220002
bnf_get_tuN 120679
bnf_get_tuU 139887
bnr_get_bid 1769450
bnr_get_bnf 3289505
bnr_get_clgp 2221265
bnr_get_cyc 2045032
bnr_get_gen 7847
bnr_get_gen_nocheck 70
bnr_get_mod 48897
bnr_get_nf 1054735
bnr_get_no 146733
both_odd 122386637
cbrtr 0
cbrtr_abs 0
cgetalloc 10166
cgetc 975456
cgiv 95352057
checkell_i 5593256
closure_arity 370615770
closure_codestr 321133197
closure_get_code 0
closure_get_data 321057849
closure_get_dbg 13680
closure_get_frame 13829610
closure_get_oper 321095223
closure_get_text 37144
closure_is_variadic 44983567
col_ei 4537565
coltrunc_init 740250
const_col 9561177
const_vec 30481576
const_vecsmall 17055391
constant_coeff 1237803
cxcompotor 15681539
cxnorm 84438077
cxtofp 7815381
cxtoreal 337203
cyc_get_expo 2358481
cyclic_perm 99911
dbllog2r 86610445
degpol 5103531995
div_content 49390
divsBIL 7673093489
ellQp_get_p 1134
ellQp_get_prec 308
ellQp_get_zero 1463
ellR_get_prec 232750
ellR_get_sign 371535
ell_get_a1 8997105
ell_get_a2 7106194
ell_get_a3 8814072
ell_get_a4 8536735
ell_get_a6 10370973
ell_get_b2 7371039
ell_get_b4 2550216
ell_get_b6 3863115
ell_get_b8 3297414
ell_get_c4 11016636
ell_get_c6 13473095
ell_get_disc 16812749
ell_get_j 2126269
ell_get_type 12498826
ell_is_inf 52310785
ellff_get_a4a6 800054
ellff_get_field 2036907
ellinf 1869843
ellnf_get_bnf 119
ellnf_get_nf 2027240
equali1 1139954316
equalim1 139288213
err_get_compo 287
err_get_num 62586
gaddgs 123246321
gal_get_den 25995
gal_get_e 91
gal_get_gen 14067
gal_get_group 79624
gal_get_invvdm 26002
gal_get_mod 22444
gal_get_orders 5436
gal_get_p 5868
gal_get_pol 34282
gal_get_roots 30722
gc_GEN 238999428
gc_INT 3878508561
gc_INT_affii 8135491
gc_all 102034170
gc_leaf 1080351983
gc_slice 1850309
gc_upto 1859693196
gchar_copy_precs 1225
gchar_get_DLdata 190673
gchar_get_S 36995
gchar_get_U 0
gchar_get_Ui 10983
gchar_get_basis 32816
gchar_get_bnf 205373
gchar_get_cyc 16177
gchar_get_evalprec 4011
gchar_get_hnf 0
gchar_get_loccyc 50519
gchar_get_m0 3318
gchar_get_mod 8225
gchar_get_modP 4095
gchar_get_nalg 2044
gchar_get_nc 37261
gchar_get_nf 243946
gchar_get_nfprec 13468
gchar_get_nfree 322
gchar_get_nm 1869
gchar_get_ns 36995
gchar_get_ntors 322
gchar_get_prec 18795
gchar_get_r1 17444
gchar_get_r2 623
gchar_get_sfu 1743
gchar_get_u0 4252
gchar_get_zm 281911
gchar_set_HUUi 630
gchar_set_basis 1575
gchar_set_cyc 1575
gchar_set_evalprec 1813
gchar_set_m0 945
gchar_set_nalg 630
gchar_set_nf 2110
gchar_set_nfprec 2968
gchar_set_nfree 630
gchar_set_ntors 630
gchar_set_prec 1225
gchar_set_u0 2121
gcmpgs 635661
gdivsg 531589
gen_I 1243125
gener_Fq_local 18336
gequalgs 29176
get_F2x_degree 1926688
get_F2x_mod 2478502
get_F2x_var 2482190
get_F2xqX_degree 200851
get_F2xqX_mod 343
get_F2xqX_var 375375
get_Flx_degree 72435775
get_Flx_mod 22252597
get_Flx_var 57678267
get_FlxqX_degree 316179
get_FlxqX_mod 7841
get_FlxqX_var 263088
get_FpXQX_degree 3589
get_FpXQX_mod 146583
get_FpXQX_var 51630
get_FpX_degree 4683325
get_FpX_mod 3152591
get_FpX_var 5160442
gisdouble 2519965
gmax_shallow 13503177
gmaxsg 0
gmin_shallow 729878
gminsg 0
gmulgs 20914730
gmulgu 282059157
gsubgs 1722945
gtodouble 53860395
gtofp 240537365
gtomp 22428
gtos 85855091
gtou 100718
guncloneNULL 46415346
guncloneNULL_deep 1477999
gval 6230
hash_str 2760636
hash_str_len 30885071
icopy_avma 7700152839
idealchineseinit 5427
idealred 133873
identity_ZV 8011
identity_perm 2997896
identity_zv 3021700
inf_get_sign 1344931
inv_content 0
is_bigint 554365127
is_const_t 4713873024
is_extscalar_t 6876
is_intreal_t 9245380
is_matvec_t 630094603
is_noncalc_t 85462689
is_pm1 2126567853
is_qfb_t 0
is_rational_t 4556405
is_real_t 62035779
is_recursive_t 8553106167
is_scalar_t 368118422
is_universal_constant 325060428
is_vec_t 43678904
isint1 17011656
isintm1 5419533
isintzero 2653533170
ismpzero 9245276
isonstack 7877573567
killblock 1941574
leading_coeff 159553781
leafcopy_avma 529758693
lg_increase 313210837
lgcols 321553718
lgpol 2497392334
lincombii 35095651
locs_get_Lgenfil 1288
locs_get_Lsprk 193935
locs_get_cyc 52136
locs_get_famod 1288
locs_get_m_infty 209475
locs_get_mod 8225
logint 691428
matpascal 3983
matslice 15654472
mkcol 9674118
mkcol2 151985313
mkcol2s 4416244
mkcol3 88314
mkcol3s 315
mkcol4 103467
mkcol4s 0
mkcol5 94
mkcol6 232470
mkcolcopy 31047
mkcols 40411
mkcomplex 80983897
mkerr 0
mkfrac 41235783
mkfraccopy 4972245
mkfracss 1209563
mkintmod 8072052
mkintmodu 1813
mkmat 4391666
mkmat2 32467441
mkmat22 49242515
mkmat22s 207578
mkmat3 17001
mkmat4 84
mkmat5 0
mkmatcopy 57922
mkmoo 95371
mkoo 1237311
mkpadic 2009
mkpolmod 3043488
mkqfb 26467939
mkquad 69118
mkrfrac 698331
mkrfraccopy 14
mkvec 69621867
mkvec2 175042591
mkvec2copy 100191
mkvec2s 203891
mkvec3 115958160
mkvec3s 524441
mkvec4 9864301
mkvec4s 21
mkvec5 14272258
mkvec5s 0
mkvec6 0
mkvec6s 301
mkveccopy 122521
mkvecs 168
mkvecsmall 120322758
mkvecsmall2 198711362
mkvecsmall3 87086642
mkvecsmall4 18528943
mkvecsmall5 1649619
modpr_get_T 12921356
modpr_get_p 1855149
modpr_get_pr 29651803
mul_content 2083010
mul_denom 9996828
mulsubii 3511754
nbits2extraprec 1427567537
nbits2ndec 228
nbits2nlong 11509274
nbits2prec 174564659
nbrows 140650321
nchar2nlong 119452209
ndec2nbits 8270
ndec2nlong 41584
ndec2prec 33314
nfV_to_scalar_or_alg 26300
nf_get_G 248753
nf_get_M 20953619
nf_get_Tr 22081
nf_get_degree 64954481
nf_get_diff 4313
nf_get_disc 338674
nf_get_index 3157437
nf_get_invzk 8566167
nf_get_pol 88389526
nf_get_r1 22437323
nf_get_r2 4154
nf_get_ramified_primes 34060
nf_get_roots 1229148
nf_get_roundG 1612656
nf_get_sign 507635
nf_get_varn 1246361
nf_get_zk 4382
nf_get_zkden 4830982
nf_get_zkprimpart 4798141
normalize_frac 17050684
odd 2032151874
pari_calloc 47720
pari_err_BUG 20
pari_err_COMPONENT 214
pari_err_CONSTPOL 21
pari_err_COPRIME 91
pari_err_DIM 718
pari_err_DOMAIN 2862
pari_err_FILE 0
pari_err_FILEDESC 36
pari_err_FLAG 98
pari_err_IMPL 539
pari_err_INV 20011
pari_err_IRREDPOL 63
pari_err_MAXPRIME 0
pari_err_MODULUS 1316
pari_err_OP 406
pari_err_OVERFLOW 156
pari_err_PACKAGE 0
pari_err_PREC 238
pari_err_PRIME 98
pari_err_PRIORITY 245
pari_err_ROOTS0 63
pari_err_SQRTN 7084
pari_err_TYPE 15370
pari_err_TYPE2 3493
pari_err_VAR 371
pari_free 470620512
pari_malloc 704059402
pari_realloc 1890
pari_realloc_ip 2299446
pari_stack_alloc 1009219829
pari_stack_base 1014996371
pari_stack_delete 5773752
pari_stack_init 6235584
pari_stack_new 914898831
pari_stack_pushp 5851
perm_conj 418299
perm_inv 2623475
perm_mul 76587632
perm_sqr 728
pol0_F2x 13076282
pol0_Flx 94628967
pol1_F2x 3855409
pol1_Flx 47569334
pol_0 82612861
pol_1 3445891
pol_x 3489475
pol_xn 2192336
pol_xnall 294
polx_F2x 990941
polx_Flx 34190579
polx_zx 0
polxn_Flx 371
powIs 1561
powii 42925553
pr_get_e 14796996
pr_get_f 23043465
pr_get_gen 10033595
pr_get_p 86141363
pr_get_tau 45620466
pr_is_inert 15394590
pr_norm 944427
prec2lg 4190944048
prec2nbits 101643564
prec2nbits_mul 581164
prec2ndec 9778
precdbl 433551
qfb_disc 18435779
qfb_disc3 4791689
qfb_is_qfi 62320361
quad_disc 1085
quadnorm 69881
random_Fq 0
remsBIL 7588887655
rnf_get_absdegree 1392746
rnf_get_alpha 1398
rnf_get_degree 2506305
rnf_get_disc 357
rnf_get_idealdisc 1386
rnf_get_index 105
rnf_get_invzk 1225
rnf_get_k 1225
rnf_get_map 135599
rnf_get_nf 776696
rnf_get_nfdegree 21425
rnf_get_nfpol 255354
rnf_get_nfvarn 4886
rnf_get_nfzk 7155
rnf_get_pol 2845162
rnf_get_polabs 325288
rnf_get_ramified_primes 2819
rnf_get_varn 574
rnf_get_zk 4800
row 755899
row_i 987
rowcopy 204988
rowpermute 13498793
rowslice 73160052
rowslicepermute 147938
rowsplice 267
ser_isexactzero 10120284
shallowcopy 25450621
sqrfrac 4054034
sqrti 6377562
sqrtnr 2623026
sqrtr 74960450
sstoQ 1097215
sturm 385
submulii 31593656
submuliu 7700
submuliu_inplace 55498123
truecoef 0
trunc_safe 0
ulogint 1710885
upr_norm 304061
uutoQ 1600198
vec_append 3229355
vec_ei 1587127
vec_lengthen 18942
vec_prepend 176904
vec_setconst 0
vec_shorten 6175
vec_to_vecsmall 3918737
veclast 9086705
vecmodii 0
vecmoduu 49784
vecpermute 18688938
vecreverse 697277
vecreverse_inplace 2605
vecslice 625009220
vecslicepermute 2499414
vecsmall_append 3967598
vecsmall_coincidence 0
vecsmall_concat 1407220
vecsmall_copy 3535073
vecsmall_ei 553855
vecsmall_indexmax 21
vecsmall_indexmin 21
vecsmall_isin 84
vecsmall_lengthen 540
vecsmall_lexcmp 7034376
vecsmall_max 1126577
vecsmall_min 2345
vecsmall_pack 84
vecsmall_prefixcmp 108088071
vecsmall_prepend 186151
vecsmall_reverse 2263
vecsmall_shorten 74683
vecsmall_to_col 7713502
vecsmall_to_vec 508789
vecsmall_to_vec_inplace 3304
vecsmallpermute 74428029
vecsmalltrunc_append 100563224
vecsmalltrunc_init 188662943
vecsplice 356223
vectrunc_append 15424635
vectrunc_append_batch 9667
vectrunc_init 11421360
zc_to_ZC 7699364
zero_F2m 0
zero_F2m_copy 562879
zero_F2v 2766214
zero_F2x 1350
zero_Flm 2674628
zero_Flm_copy 213781
zero_Flv 55792118
zero_Flx 1371719
zero_zm 0
zero_zv 34480928
zero_zx 0
zerocol 107972890
zeromat 68913
zeromatcopy 13141531
zeropadic 855757
zeropadic_shallow 17024
zeropol 42336809
zeroser 138908
zerovec 27516786
zerovec_block 29654
zm_copy 0
zm_row 0
zm_to_zxV 0
zm_transpose 266
znstar_get_N 38655073
znstar_get_U 176107
znstar_get_Ui 46788
znstar_get_conreycyc 7979693
znstar_get_conreygen 3290176
znstar_get_cyc 262088
znstar_get_faN 7331711
znstar_get_gen 16150
znstar_get_no 14
znstar_get_pe 2869063
zv_copy 2183879
zv_to_ZV 499990
zv_to_zx 104146
zx_renormalize 14049
zx_shift 0
zx_to_zv 0

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