Code coverage tests

This page documents the degree to which the PARI/GP source code is tested by our public test suite, distributed with the source distribution in directory src/test/. This is measured by the gcov utility; we then process gcov output using the lcov frond-end.

We test a few variants depending on Configure flags on the pari.math.u-bordeaux.fr machine (x86_64 architecture), and agregate them in the final report:

The target is to exceed 90% coverage for all mathematical modules (given that branches depending on DEBUGLEVEL or DEBUGMEM are not covered). This script is run to produce the results below.

LCOV - code coverage report
Current view: top level - headers - pariinl.h (source / functions) Hit Total Coverage
Test: PARI/GP v2.18.1 lcov report (development 30634-7c77b4d1a9) Lines: 1420 1535 92.5 %
Date: 2026-01-26 09:23:16 Functions: 649 707 91.8 %
Legend: Lines: hit not hit

Function Name Sort by function name Hit count Sort by hit count
F2m_clear 0
F2m_coeff 8036183
F2m_copy 200436
F2m_flip 1553434
F2m_set 798
F2v_clear 12352653
F2v_coeff 661306165
F2v_copy 4487
F2v_ei 42
F2v_flip 1553434
F2v_set 101401519
F2v_to_F2x 37655
F2xX_shift 0
F2x_clear 12352651
F2x_coeff 667914656
F2x_copy 59784430
F2x_div 1557195
F2x_equal 4607668
F2x_equal1 2874102
F2x_flip 1553434
F2x_renormalize 114404012
F2x_set 124556500
F2xqX_div 33173
F3m_coeff 3255866
F3m_copy 0
F3m_set 0
Flm_copy 6433389
Flm_row 8741428
Flv_copy 2555049
Flx_constant 333914
Flx_copy 173172189
Flx_div 1997954
Flx_div_pre 21687505
Flx_equal1 8329918
Flx_lead 979011
Flx_mulu 1105460
FlxqX_div 0
FlxqX_div_pre 165411
Flxq_add 0
Flxq_sub 0
FpV_FpC_mul 0
FpXQX_div 4526
FpXQX_renormalize 4694123
FpXQ_add 0
FpXQ_sub 0
FpXX_renormalize 849917
FpXY_Fq_evaly 20587
FpX_div 5581140
FpX_renormalize 144200688
Fp_add 181035708
Fp_addmul 11231259
Fp_center 77149237
Fp_center_i 17993281
Fp_div 15035233
Fp_divu 15129785
Fp_double 20827354
Fp_halve 247271
Fp_inv 23440391
Fp_invsafe 1100352
Fp_mul 200714170
Fp_muls 17780
Fp_mulu 70189709
Fp_neg 31481159
Fp_red 82189808
Fp_sqr 63556767
Fp_sub 202427520
FqXQ_add 0
FqXQ_div 0
FqXQ_inv 0
FqXQ_invsafe 0
FqXQ_mul 22766
FqXQ_pow 0
FqXQ_sqr 0
FqXQ_sub 0
FqX_Fp_mul 571443
FqX_Fq_mul 427292
FqX_add 127694
FqX_ddf 7
FqX_degfact 47786
FqX_deriv 40061
FqX_div 38566
FqX_div_by_X_x 69699
FqX_divrem 0
FqX_extgcd 444666
FqX_factor 140946
FqX_factor_squarefree 7
FqX_gcd 8288
FqX_get_red 6090
FqX_halfgcd 0
FqX_halve 19411
FqX_integ 0
FqX_is_squarefree 683802
FqX_mul 367706
FqX_mulu 21942
FqX_neg 24956
FqX_normalize 4144
FqX_powu 1295
FqX_red 25354
FqX_rem 37743
FqX_roots 7273
FqX_sqr 71855
FqX_sub 68607
FqX_to_mod 175
FqXn_exp 0
FqXn_expint 6590
FqXn_inv 7126
FqXn_mul 263403
FqXn_sqr 0
Fq_red 3106216
Fq_to_FpXQ 73652
GENbinbase 961905574
QV_isscalar 54416037
Q_abs 8062508
Q_abs_shallow 120223
Qtoss 35322
R_abs 0
R_abs_shallow 13097
RgC_fpnorml2 619846
RgC_gtofp 34032161
RgC_gtomp 574
RgM_dimensions 9741633
RgM_fpnorml2 22662
RgM_gtofp 8257797
RgM_gtomp 21
RgM_minor 1036
RgM_shallowcopy 22179135
RgV_gtofp 56
RgV_is_QV 140730
RgV_is_ZV 32158274
RgV_isin 110144
RgV_isin_i 110144
RgV_isscalar 1210272
RgXQX_div 1904
RgXQX_rem 127635
RgX_coeff 2669861
RgX_copy 103406713
RgX_div 7000642
RgX_equal_var 26883016
RgX_fpnorml2 61496
RgX_gtofp 7144630
RgX_is_QX 399932
RgX_is_ZX 22422958
RgX_is_monomial 1331268
RgX_is_rational 68166
RgX_isscalar 0
RgX_renormalize 349807
RgX_shift_inplace 479367
RgX_shift_inplace_init 479367
RgX_to_RgV 140
Rg_col_ei 1451003
Rg_to_Fq 756
ZC_hnfrem 10697374
ZM_ZV_mod 596480
ZM_hnfrem 363773
ZM_lll 7117599
ZV_ZV_mod 8131449
ZV_dvd 23485
ZV_isscalar 23674787
ZV_to_zv 3211408
ZXQ_mul 2161086
ZXQ_sqr 960348
ZX_equal1 12850
ZX_is_monic 7374288
ZX_renormalize 154976958
Z_ispower 98
Z_issquare 458710
abgrp_get_cyc 12230796
abgrp_get_gen 1765027
abgrp_get_no 354944
absfrac 46638495
absfrac_shallow 28237
addmuliu 535808
addmuliu_inplace 59648581
affc_fixlg 249620
affgr 898901
bid_get_MOD 2157243
bid_get_U 3680225
bid_get_arch 41188
bid_get_archp 2397110
bid_get_cyc 5739815
bid_get_fact 2498925
bid_get_fact2 2201566
bid_get_gen 64274
bid_get_gen_nocheck 0
bid_get_grp 5804668
bid_get_ideal 72842
bid_get_mod 1521921
bid_get_no 0
bid_get_sarch 48594
bid_get_sprk 2157973
bin_copy 496061032
bit_accuracy 3156313724
bit_accuracy_mul 3175484
bit_prec 143254546
bnf_get_clgp 5375010
bnf_get_cyc 3686149
bnf_get_fu 25859
bnf_get_fu_nocheck 289086
bnf_get_gen 1680315
bnf_get_logfu 2874755
bnf_get_nf 9865155
bnf_get_no 8372
bnf_get_reg 648
bnf_get_sunits 1367773
bnf_get_tuN 282993
bnf_get_tuU 303577
bnr_get_bid 2046088
bnr_get_bnf 3710941
bnr_get_clgp 2830243
bnr_get_cyc 2522569
bnr_get_gen 7847
bnr_get_gen_nocheck 70
bnr_get_mod 77119
bnr_get_nf 1399073
bnr_get_no 277484
both_odd 123980330
cbrtr 0
cbrtr_abs 0
cgetalloc 10166
cgetc 975458
cgiv 102670366
checkell_i 5593288
closure_arity 372027140
closure_codestr 321609363
closure_get_code 0
closure_get_data 321571473
closure_get_dbg 13635
closure_get_frame 14717047
closure_get_oper 321591809
closure_get_text 37079
closure_is_variadic 45904367
col_ei 5924528
coltrunc_init 740250
const_col 9729668
const_vec 34563349
const_vecsmall 19705731
constant_coeff 1441138
cxcompotor 18210502
cxnorm 91199754
cxtofp 9079378
cxtoreal 337205
cyc_get_expo 2757544
cyclic_perm 99911
dbllog2r 92812338
degpol 5507201376
div_content 58503
divsBIL 8088969248
ellQp_get_p 1134
ellQp_get_prec 308
ellQp_get_zero 1463
ellR_get_prec 232750
ellR_get_sign 371535
ell_get_a1 8997086
ell_get_a2 7106188
ell_get_a3 8814053
ell_get_a4 8536729
ell_get_a6 10370967
ell_get_b2 7371027
ell_get_b4 2550216
ell_get_b6 3863115
ell_get_b8 3297414
ell_get_c4 11017810
ell_get_c6 13474153
ell_get_disc 16815066
ell_get_j 2126269
ell_get_type 12498989
ell_is_inf 52351074
ellff_get_a4a6 800031
ellff_get_field 2036872
ellinf 1870028
ellnf_get_bnf 119
ellnf_get_nf 2027243
equali1 1174343099
equalim1 139505139
err_get_compo 294
err_get_num 62550
gaddgs 123248617
gal_get_den 27866
gal_get_e 91
gal_get_gen 15435
gal_get_group 80387
gal_get_invvdm 27873
gal_get_mod 23758
gal_get_orders 6678
gal_get_p 6006
gal_get_pol 36315
gal_get_roots 32731
gc_GEN 255477885
gc_INT 4110593093
gc_INT_affii 8487384
gc_all 109637054
gc_leaf 1141938464
gc_slice 2204065
gc_upto 1954428456
gchar_copy_precs 1225
gchar_get_DLdata 190673
gchar_get_S 36995
gchar_get_U 0
gchar_get_Ui 10983
gchar_get_basis 32816
gchar_get_bnf 205373
gchar_get_cyc 16177
gchar_get_evalprec 4011
gchar_get_hnf 0
gchar_get_loccyc 50519
gchar_get_m0 3318
gchar_get_mod 8225
gchar_get_modP 4095
gchar_get_nalg 2044
gchar_get_nc 37261
gchar_get_nf 243946
gchar_get_nfprec 13468
gchar_get_nfree 322
gchar_get_nm 1869
gchar_get_ns 36995
gchar_get_ntors 322
gchar_get_prec 18795
gchar_get_r1 17444
gchar_get_r2 623
gchar_get_sfu 1743
gchar_get_u0 4252
gchar_get_zm 281911
gchar_set_HUUi 630
gchar_set_basis 1575
gchar_set_cyc 1575
gchar_set_evalprec 1813
gchar_set_m0 945
gchar_set_nalg 630
gchar_set_nf 2110
gchar_set_nfprec 2968
gchar_set_nfree 630
gchar_set_ntors 630
gchar_set_prec 1225
gchar_set_u0 2121
gcmpgs 761921
gdivsg 531590
gen_I 1269717
gener_Fq_local 29946
gequalgs 29176
get_F2x_degree 1929027
get_F2x_mod 2499357
get_F2x_var 2534024
get_F2xqX_degree 200851
get_F2xqX_mod 343
get_F2xqX_var 375375
get_Flx_degree 83607710
get_Flx_mod 25595650
get_Flx_var 68352550
get_FlxqX_degree 317565
get_FlxqX_mod 8033
get_FlxqX_var 264420
get_FpXQX_degree 3589
get_FpXQX_mod 146583
get_FpXQX_var 51630
get_FpX_degree 6424452
get_FpX_mod 3394364
get_FpX_var 6957594
gisdouble 2996581
gmax_shallow 13510200
gmaxsg 0
gmin_shallow 877620
gminsg 0
gmulgs 22633908
gmulgu 282059385
gsubgs 1724810
gtodouble 60774938
gtofp 254336382
gtomp 22428
gtos 85855706
gtou 100703
guncloneNULL 48020051
guncloneNULL_deep 1503330
gval 6230
hash_str 2760614
hash_str_len 31630482
icopy_avma 8039755761
idealchineseinit 5427
idealred 138433
identity_ZV 8113
identity_perm 3241686
identity_zv 3266035
inf_get_sign 1452870
inv_content 0
is_bigint 563410671
is_const_t 4897373406
is_extscalar_t 6876
is_intreal_t 9584627
is_matvec_t 659006833
is_noncalc_t 85871459
is_pm1 2206552104
is_qfb_t 0
is_rational_t 5032564
is_real_t 62062467
is_recursive_t 9238102896
is_scalar_t 375656978
is_universal_constant 326329768
is_vec_t 43952180
isint1 17584751
isintm1 5710153
isintzero 2844201341
ismpzero 9584524
isonstack 8277730885
killblock 1954746
leading_coeff 170259660
leafcopy_avma 577090262
lg_increase 313114247
lgcols 351599075
lgpol 2690028615
lincombii 38240528
locs_get_Lgenfil 1288
locs_get_Lsprk 193935
locs_get_cyc 52136
locs_get_famod 1288
locs_get_m_infty 209475
locs_get_mod 8225
logint 754835
matpascal 3983
matslice 16819041
mkcol 10639685
mkcol2 156866090
mkcol2s 4416244
mkcol3 88314
mkcol3s 315
mkcol4 103467
mkcol4s 0
mkcol5 94
mkcol6 232470
mkcolcopy 33545
mkcols 40411
mkcomplex 91611432
mkerr 0
mkfrac 41641826
mkfraccopy 4999594
mkfracss 1209563
mkintmod 8092530
mkintmodu 1813
mkmat 4750829
mkmat2 33653766
mkmat22 50281033
mkmat22s 207578
mkmat3 17001
mkmat4 84
mkmat5 0
mkmatcopy 122284
mkmoo 108791
mkoo 1331814
mkpadic 2009
mkpolmod 3103727
mkqfb 27929512
mkquad 69118
mkrfrac 698438
mkrfraccopy 14
mkvec 71205603
mkvec2 184678686
mkvec2copy 114526
mkvec2s 220249
mkvec3 122025493
mkvec3s 524441
mkvec4 10093850
mkvec4s 21
mkvec5 15185639
mkvec5s 0
mkvec6 0
mkvec6s 301
mkveccopy 122521
mkvecs 168
mkvecsmall 131602401
mkvecsmall2 234907266
mkvecsmall3 104177506
mkvecsmall4 18658472
mkvecsmall5 1717489
modpr_get_T 13867037
modpr_get_p 1887625
modpr_get_pr 31236498
mul_content 2657139
mul_denom 10707790
mulsubii 3881418
nbits2extraprec 1457899990
nbits2ndec 228
nbits2nlong 12755407
nbits2prec 186133794
nbrows 157468658
nchar2nlong 127565627
ndec2nbits 8270
ndec2nlong 41584
ndec2prec 33314
nfV_to_scalar_or_alg 26300
nf_get_G 304880
nf_get_M 21745507
nf_get_Tr 22083
nf_get_degree 71369220
nf_get_diff 4445
nf_get_disc 463479
nf_get_index 3711380
nf_get_invzk 9767328
nf_get_pol 98106316
nf_get_r1 23465881
nf_get_r2 4154
nf_get_ramified_primes 64645
nf_get_roots 1628953
nf_get_roundG 1748181
nf_get_sign 519549
nf_get_varn 1503758
nf_get_zk 4382
nf_get_zkden 5459785
nf_get_zkprimpart 5413920
normalize_frac 17205544
odd 2088782458
pari_calloc 47720
pari_err_BUG 14
pari_err_COMPONENT 214
pari_err_CONSTPOL 21
pari_err_COPRIME 91
pari_err_DIM 718
pari_err_DOMAIN 2862
pari_err_FILE 0
pari_err_FILEDESC 36
pari_err_FLAG 98
pari_err_IMPL 539
pari_err_INV 20018
pari_err_IRREDPOL 63
pari_err_MAXPRIME 0
pari_err_MODULUS 1316
pari_err_OP 406
pari_err_OVERFLOW 156
pari_err_PACKAGE 0
pari_err_PREC 238
pari_err_PRIME 98
pari_err_PRIORITY 245
pari_err_ROOTS0 63
pari_err_SQRTN 7084
pari_err_TYPE 15370
pari_err_TYPE2 3493
pari_err_VAR 371
pari_free 509558699
pari_malloc 745484471
pari_realloc 1890
pari_realloc_ip 2348336
pari_stack_alloc 1021755429
pari_stack_base 1027578681
pari_stack_delete 5870528
pari_stack_init 6353148
pari_stack_new 926458532
pari_stack_pushp 5851
perm_conj 418299
perm_inv 2781938
perm_mul 80896406
perm_sqr 728
pol0_F2x 13199478
pol0_Flx 103437269
pol1_F2x 3958050
pol1_Flx 55056177
pol_0 82996565
pol_1 3755659
pol_x 3856940
pol_xn 2249262
pol_xnall 294
polx_F2x 1073224
polx_Flx 37485077
polx_zx 0
polxn_Flx 371
powIs 1561
powii 43130345
pr_get_e 16162102
pr_get_f 26443053
pr_get_gen 12071004
pr_get_p 92750649
pr_get_tau 49768654
pr_is_inert 17224068
pr_norm 1090502
prec2lg 4467394155
prec2nbits 103961197
prec2nbits_mul 581162
prec2ndec 9778
precdbl 475367
qfb_disc 18502510
qfb_disc3 4995722
qfb_is_qfi 62326717
quad_disc 1085
quadnorm 69881
random_Fq 0
remsBIL 7998037181
rnf_get_absdegree 1392746
rnf_get_alpha 1428
rnf_get_degree 2506335
rnf_get_disc 357
rnf_get_idealdisc 1386
rnf_get_index 105
rnf_get_invzk 1225
rnf_get_k 1225
rnf_get_map 135659
rnf_get_nf 786086
rnf_get_nfdegree 21455
rnf_get_nfpol 255354
rnf_get_nfvarn 4886
rnf_get_nfzk 7245
rnf_get_pol 2845192
rnf_get_polabs 327628
rnf_get_ramified_primes 2849
rnf_get_varn 574
rnf_get_zk 4830
row 763869
row_i 987
rowcopy 204988
rowpermute 14705769
rowslice 79319059
rowslicepermute 185052
rowsplice 273
ser_isexactzero 10120284
shallowcopy 27631286
sqrfrac 4148050
sqrti 6610141
sqrtnr 2810226
sqrtr 80369488
sstoQ 1097215
sturm 385
submulii 31982591
submuliu 7700
submuliu_inplace 60142942
truecoef 0
trunc_safe 0
ulogint 1719607
upr_norm 346136
uutoQ 1600198
vec_append 3465038
vec_ei 1713818
vec_lengthen 18960
vec_prepend 313994
vec_setconst 0
vec_shorten 11557
vec_to_vecsmall 4036611
veclast 9372725
vecmodii 0
vecmoduu 49784
vecpermute 20548069
vecreverse 697277
vecreverse_inplace 2605
vecslice 656217668
vecslicepermute 2690835
vecsmall_append 4099587
vecsmall_coincidence 0
vecsmall_concat 1464196
vecsmall_copy 4403906
vecsmall_ei 584694
vecsmall_indexmax 21
vecsmall_indexmin 21
vecsmall_isin 84
vecsmall_lengthen 547
vecsmall_lexcmp 7043246
vecsmall_max 1164036
vecsmall_min 2345
vecsmall_pack 84
vecsmall_prefixcmp 108088071
vecsmall_prepend 186970
vecsmall_reverse 3052
vecsmall_shorten 75637
vecsmall_to_col 7838753
vecsmall_to_vec 511781
vecsmall_to_vec_inplace 3304
vecsmallpermute 78700996
vecsmalltrunc_append 100771353
vecsmalltrunc_init 188622891
vecsplice 384916
vectrunc_append 15852126
vectrunc_append_batch 9667
vectrunc_init 11767566
zc_to_ZC 7824572
zero_F2m 0
zero_F2m_copy 845029
zero_F2v 3647599
zero_F2x 1350
zero_Flm 2829681
zero_Flm_copy 238230
zero_Flv 59659915
zero_Flx 1426815
zero_zm 0
zero_zv 36720452
zero_zx 0
zerocol 122333737
zeromat 109069
zeromatcopy 14249703
zeropadic 855462
zeropadic_shallow 17024
zeropol 42354009
zeroser 138908
zerovec 28453461
zerovec_block 29654
zm_copy 0
zm_row 0
zm_to_zxV 0
zm_transpose 266
znstar_get_N 38655073
znstar_get_U 176107
znstar_get_Ui 46788
znstar_get_conreycyc 7979693
znstar_get_conreygen 3290176
znstar_get_cyc 262088
znstar_get_faN 7331711
znstar_get_gen 16150
znstar_get_no 14
znstar_get_pe 2869063
zv_copy 2183794
zv_to_ZV 502982
zv_to_zx 104146
zx_renormalize 14049
zx_shift 0
zx_to_zv 0

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