Code coverage tests

This page documents the degree to which the PARI/GP source code is tested by our public test suite, distributed with the source distribution in directory src/test/. This is measured by the gcov utility; we then process gcov output using the lcov frond-end.

We test a few variants depending on Configure flags on the pari.math.u-bordeaux.fr machine (x86_64 architecture), and agregate them in the final report:

The target is to exceed 90% coverage for all mathematical modules (given that branches depending on DEBUGLEVEL or DEBUGMEM are not covered). This script is run to produce the results below.

LCOV - code coverage report
Current view: top level - headers - pariinl.h (source / functions) Hit Total Coverage
Test: PARI/GP v2.18.1 lcov report (development 30672-116f3d5b0e) Lines: 1421 1535 92.6 %
Date: 2026-02-06 09:23:51 Functions: 649 707 91.8 %
Legend: Lines: hit not hit

Function Name Sort by function name Hit count Sort by hit count
F2m_clear 0
F2m_coeff 8038865
F2m_copy 200432
F2m_flip 1554314
F2m_set 798
F2v_clear 12353930
F2v_coeff 661321847
F2v_copy 4487
F2v_ei 42
F2v_flip 1554314
F2v_set 101403574
F2v_to_F2x 37913
F2xX_shift 0
F2x_clear 12353922
F2x_coeff 667898071
F2x_copy 60553057
F2x_div 1571358
F2x_equal 4671235
F2x_equal1 2874030
F2x_flip 1554314
F2x_renormalize 115388627
F2x_set 124777871
F2xqX_div 33173
F3m_coeff 3255862
F3m_copy 0
F3m_set 0
Flm_copy 6433683
Flm_row 8742166
Flv_copy 2554992
Flx_constant 334016
Flx_copy 173240189
Flx_div 1997939
Flx_div_pre 21692153
Flx_equal1 8329915
Flx_lead 979130
Flx_mulu 1105470
FlxqX_div 0
FlxqX_div_pre 165412
Flxq_add 0
Flxq_sub 0
FpV_FpC_mul 0
FpXQX_div 4526
FpXQX_renormalize 4694524
FpXQ_add 0
FpXQ_sub 0
FpXX_renormalize 849903
FpXY_Fq_evaly 20587
FpX_div 5581172
FpX_renormalize 144225051
Fp_add 181434170
Fp_addmul 11292421
Fp_center 77362255
Fp_center_i 18051401
Fp_div 15035102
Fp_divu 15129582
Fp_double 20984737
Fp_halve 247271
Fp_inv 23440744
Fp_invsafe 1100335
Fp_mul 200937180
Fp_muls 17780
Fp_mulu 69129745
Fp_neg 31479712
Fp_red 82192883
Fp_sqr 64660845
Fp_sub 203354938
FqXQ_add 0
FqXQ_div 0
FqXQ_inv 0
FqXQ_invsafe 0
FqXQ_mul 22766
FqXQ_pow 0
FqXQ_sqr 0
FqXQ_sub 0
FqX_Fp_mul 571661
FqX_Fq_mul 427295
FqX_add 127694
FqX_ddf 7
FqX_degfact 47786
FqX_deriv 40061
FqX_div 38568
FqX_div_by_X_x 69699
FqX_divrem 0
FqX_extgcd 444769
FqX_factor 140946
FqX_factor_squarefree 7
FqX_gcd 8288
FqX_get_red 6090
FqX_halfgcd 0
FqX_halve 19411
FqX_integ 0
FqX_is_squarefree 683802
FqX_mul 367708
FqX_mulu 21942
FqX_neg 24956
FqX_normalize 4144
FqX_powu 1295
FqX_red 25354
FqX_rem 37743
FqX_roots 7273
FqX_sqr 71855
FqX_sub 68607
FqX_to_mod 175
FqXn_exp 0
FqXn_expint 6590
FqXn_inv 7126
FqXn_mul 263403
FqXn_sqr 0
Fq_red 3106627
Fq_to_FpXQ 73652
GENbinbase 961776542
QV_isscalar 54417040
Q_abs 8062829
Q_abs_shallow 120221
Qtoss 35364
R_abs 0
R_abs_shallow 13097
RgC_fpnorml2 619852
RgC_gtofp 34029225
RgC_gtomp 574
RgM_dimensions 9741734
RgM_fpnorml2 22662
RgM_gtofp 8257684
RgM_gtomp 21
RgM_minor 1036
RgM_shallowcopy 22179571
RgV_gtofp 56
RgV_is_QV 140736
RgV_is_ZV 32160176
RgV_isin 110144
RgV_isin_i 110144
RgV_isscalar 1210270
RgXQX_div 1904
RgXQX_rem 127635
RgX_coeff 2669861
RgX_copy 103406858
RgX_div 7000642
RgX_equal_var 26883022
RgX_fpnorml2 61600
RgX_gtofp 7145224
RgX_is_QX 399940
RgX_is_ZX 22423339
RgX_is_monomial 1331365
RgX_is_rational 68166
RgX_isscalar 0
RgX_renormalize 349807
RgX_shift_inplace 479366
RgX_shift_inplace_init 479366
RgX_to_RgV 140
Rg_col_ei 1451009
Rg_to_Fq 756
ZC_hnfrem 10697574
ZM_ZV_mod 596611
ZM_hnfrem 363808
ZM_lll 7117537
ZV_ZV_mod 8131898
ZV_dvd 23485
ZV_isscalar 23675150
ZV_to_zv 3211716
ZXQ_mul 2161219
ZXQ_sqr 960449
ZX_equal1 12850
ZX_is_monic 7374299
ZX_renormalize 155031199
Z_ispower 98
Z_issquare 457640
abgrp_get_cyc 12230816
abgrp_get_gen 1765014
abgrp_get_no 354944
absfrac 46540224
absfrac_shallow 28237
addmuliu 535763
addmuliu_inplace 59713845
affc_fixlg 249623
affgr 899594
bid_get_MOD 2157251
bid_get_U 3680234
bid_get_arch 41188
bid_get_archp 2397137
bid_get_cyc 5739845
bid_get_fact 2498947
bid_get_fact2 2201575
bid_get_gen 64274
bid_get_gen_nocheck 0
bid_get_grp 5804701
bid_get_ideal 72842
bid_get_mod 1521922
bid_get_no 0
bid_get_sarch 48594
bid_get_sprk 2157981
bin_copy 495996757
bit_accuracy 3160698299
bit_accuracy_mul 3175484
bit_prec 143243836
bnf_get_clgp 5374977
bnf_get_cyc 3686135
bnf_get_fu 25859
bnf_get_fu_nocheck 289084
bnf_get_gen 1680301
bnf_get_logfu 2874772
bnf_get_nf 9865151
bnf_get_no 8372
bnf_get_reg 648
bnf_get_sunits 1367773
bnf_get_tuN 282996
bnf_get_tuU 303576
bnr_get_bid 2046040
bnr_get_bnf 3710944
bnr_get_clgp 2830241
bnr_get_cyc 2522563
bnr_get_gen 7847
bnr_get_gen_nocheck 70
bnr_get_mod 77119
bnr_get_nf 1399069
bnr_get_no 277484
both_odd 124211566
cbrtr 0
cbrtr_abs 0
cgetalloc 10166
cgetc 975460
cgiv 102690534
checkell_i 5593276
closure_arity 371198120
closure_codestr 320785211
closure_get_code 0
closure_get_data 320748131
closure_get_dbg 13635
closure_get_frame 14717148
closure_get_oper 320771756
closure_get_text 37079
closure_is_variadic 45906680
col_ei 5924623
coltrunc_init 740250
const_col 9729683
const_vec 34568639
const_vecsmall 19706608
constant_coeff 1441448
cxcompotor 18210736
cxnorm 91201194
cxtofp 9079411
cxtoreal 337207
cyc_get_expo 2757562
cyclic_perm 99911
dbllog2r 92818909
degpol 5505981455
div_content 58504
divsBIL 8095465385
ellQp_get_p 1134
ellQp_get_prec 308
ellQp_get_zero 1463
ellR_get_prec 232750
ellR_get_sign 371535
ell_get_a1 8997089
ell_get_a2 7106183
ell_get_a3 8814057
ell_get_a4 8536724
ell_get_a6 10370962
ell_get_b2 7371036
ell_get_b4 2550216
ell_get_b6 3863115
ell_get_b8 3297414
ell_get_c4 11018145
ell_get_c6 13474585
ell_get_disc 16815311
ell_get_j 2126269
ell_get_type 12498978
ell_is_inf 52423297
ellff_get_a4a6 800035
ellff_get_field 2036866
ellinf 1869996
ellnf_get_bnf 119
ellnf_get_nf 2027270
equali1 1174154143
equalim1 139505572
err_get_compo 294
err_get_num 62550
gaddgs 123248630
gal_get_den 27867
gal_get_e 91
gal_get_gen 15434
gal_get_group 80385
gal_get_invvdm 27874
gal_get_mod 23758
gal_get_orders 6678
gal_get_p 6006
gal_get_pol 36316
gal_get_roots 32732
gc_GEN 255458621
gc_INT 4113513044
gc_INT_affii 8496859
gc_all 109639550
gc_leaf 1140421885
gc_slice 2204159
gc_upto 1955401150
gchar_copy_precs 1225
gchar_get_DLdata 190673
gchar_get_S 36995
gchar_get_U 0
gchar_get_Ui 10983
gchar_get_basis 32816
gchar_get_bnf 205373
gchar_get_cyc 16177
gchar_get_evalprec 4011
gchar_get_hnf 0
gchar_get_loccyc 50519
gchar_get_m0 3318
gchar_get_mod 8225
gchar_get_modP 4095
gchar_get_nalg 2044
gchar_get_nc 37261
gchar_get_nf 243946
gchar_get_nfprec 13468
gchar_get_nfree 322
gchar_get_nm 1869
gchar_get_ns 36995
gchar_get_ntors 322
gchar_get_prec 18795
gchar_get_r1 17444
gchar_get_r2 623
gchar_get_sfu 1743
gchar_get_u0 4252
gchar_get_zm 281911
gchar_set_HUUi 630
gchar_set_basis 1575
gchar_set_cyc 1575
gchar_set_evalprec 1813
gchar_set_m0 945
gchar_set_nalg 630
gchar_set_nf 2110
gchar_set_nfprec 2968
gchar_set_nfree 630
gchar_set_ntors 630
gchar_set_prec 1225
gchar_set_u0 2121
gcmpgs 761909
gdivsg 531590
gen_I 1269741
gener_Fq_local 29946
gequalgs 29176
get_F2x_degree 1929022
get_F2x_mod 2499306
get_F2x_var 2534017
get_F2xqX_degree 200851
get_F2xqX_mod 343
get_F2xqX_var 375375
get_Flx_degree 83020840
get_Flx_mod 25598023
get_Flx_var 68358167
get_FlxqX_degree 317565
get_FlxqX_mod 8033
get_FlxqX_var 264420
get_FpXQX_degree 3589
get_FpXQX_mod 146583
get_FpXQX_var 51630
get_FpX_degree 6424395
get_FpX_mod 3394348
get_FpX_var 6958250
gisdouble 2995791
gmax_shallow 13510196
gmaxsg 0
gmin_shallow 877783
gminsg 0
gmulgs 22563334
gmulgu 283104681
gsubgs 1724806
gtodouble 60780688
gtofp 254325986
gtomp 22428
gtos 85855674
gtou 100717
guncloneNULL 48003520
guncloneNULL_deep 1488333
gval 6230
hash_str 2760615
hash_str_len 31631695
icopy_avma 8042746529
idealchineseinit 5427
idealred 138437
identity_ZV 8113
identity_perm 3242056
identity_zv 3266406
inf_get_sign 1452946
inv_content 0
is_bigint 563382512
is_const_t 4900741023
is_extscalar_t 6876
is_intreal_t 9584623
is_matvec_t 658219528
is_noncalc_t 85871554
is_pm1 2205866089
is_qfb_t 0
is_rational_t 5032640
is_real_t 62062525
is_recursive_t 9238875225
is_scalar_t 375660103
is_universal_constant 326689113
is_vec_t 43952463
isint1 17586414
isintm1 5710340
isintzero 2844866397
ismpzero 9584517
isonstack 8279482495
killblock 1947540
leading_coeff 170224118
leafcopy_avma 577325320
lg_increase 316320995
lgcols 351655079
lgpol 2693591154
lincombii 38230665
locs_get_Lgenfil 1288
locs_get_Lsprk 193935
locs_get_cyc 52136
locs_get_famod 1288
locs_get_m_infty 209475
locs_get_mod 8225
logint 754835
matpascal 3983
matslice 16825355
mkcol 10639786
mkcol2 156925962
mkcol2s 4416244
mkcol3 88314
mkcol3s 315
mkcol4 103467
mkcol4s 0
mkcol5 94
mkcol6 232470
mkcolcopy 33557
mkcols 40411
mkcomplex 91614065
mkerr 0
mkfrac 41641424
mkfraccopy 4999896
mkfracss 1209563
mkintmod 8092625
mkintmodu 1813
mkmat 4750931
mkmat2 33654262
mkmat22 50293541
mkmat22s 207578
mkmat3 17001
mkmat4 84
mkmat5 0
mkmatcopy 122286
mkmoo 108800
mkoo 1331890
mkpadic 2009
mkpolmod 3103720
mkqfb 27929824
mkquad 69118
mkrfrac 698439
mkrfraccopy 14
mkvec 71292020
mkvec2 185108647
mkvec2copy 114530
mkvec2s 220248
mkvec3 120248947
mkvec3s 524441
mkvec4 10094898
mkvec4s 21
mkvec5 15185902
mkvec5s 0
mkvec6 0
mkvec6s 301
mkveccopy 122521
mkvecs 168
mkvecsmall 131653016
mkvecsmall2 234990106
mkvecsmall3 104189779
mkvecsmall4 18678855
mkvecsmall5 1717471
modpr_get_T 13867132
modpr_get_p 1887627
modpr_get_pr 31236658
mul_content 2657110
mul_denom 10707984
mulsubii 3881519
nbits2extraprec 1458354785
nbits2ndec 228
nbits2nlong 12754801
nbits2prec 186120082
nbrows 157465825
nchar2nlong 127558124
ndec2nbits 8270
ndec2nlong 41584
ndec2prec 33314
nfV_to_scalar_or_alg 26299
nf_get_G 304861
nf_get_M 21745882
nf_get_Tr 22083
nf_get_degree 71370120
nf_get_diff 4445
nf_get_disc 463484
nf_get_index 3711406
nf_get_invzk 9767606
nf_get_pol 98109729
nf_get_r1 23466335
nf_get_r2 4154
nf_get_ramified_primes 64644
nf_get_roots 1628913
nf_get_roundG 1748166
nf_get_sign 519552
nf_get_varn 1503780
nf_get_zk 4382
nf_get_zkden 5459905
nf_get_zkprimpart 5414067
normalize_frac 17206965
odd 2089350859
pari_calloc 47734
pari_err_BUG 14
pari_err_COMPONENT 214
pari_err_CONSTPOL 21
pari_err_COPRIME 91
pari_err_DIM 718
pari_err_DOMAIN 2862
pari_err_FILE 0
pari_err_FILEDESC 36
pari_err_FLAG 98
pari_err_IMPL 539
pari_err_INV 20018
pari_err_IRREDPOL 63
pari_err_MAXPRIME 0
pari_err_MODULUS 1316
pari_err_OP 406
pari_err_OVERFLOW 156
pari_err_PACKAGE 0
pari_err_PREC 238
pari_err_PRIME 98
pari_err_PRIORITY 245
pari_err_ROOTS0 63
pari_err_SQRTN 7084
pari_err_TYPE 15370
pari_err_TYPE2 3493
pari_err_VAR 371
pari_free 509470888
pari_malloc 745420345
pari_realloc 1890
pari_realloc_ip 2349402
pari_stack_alloc 1020828410
pari_stack_base 1026602806
pari_stack_delete 5796963
pari_stack_init 6352134
pari_stack_new 925520702
pari_stack_pushp 5851
perm_conj 418299
perm_inv 2782021
perm_mul 80919142
perm_sqr 728
pol0_F2x 13251154
pol0_Flx 103490842
pol1_F2x 3957589
pol1_Flx 55062004
pol_0 82789223
pol_1 3755724
pol_x 3857331
pol_xn 2249288
pol_xnall 294
polx_F2x 1078597
polx_Flx 37490494
polx_zx 0
polxn_Flx 371
powIs 1561
powii 43130371
pr_get_e 16162084
pr_get_f 26443390
pr_get_gen 12071119
pr_get_p 92751041
pr_get_tau 49768721
pr_is_inert 17224142
pr_norm 1090515
prec2lg 4469686606
prec2nbits 103968264
prec2nbits_mul 581167
prec2ndec 9778
precdbl 475397
qfb_disc 18502572
qfb_disc3 4995816
qfb_is_qfi 62325799
quad_disc 1085
quadnorm 69881
random_Fq 0
remsBIL 8004303126
rnf_get_absdegree 1392746
rnf_get_alpha 1428
rnf_get_degree 2506335
rnf_get_disc 357
rnf_get_idealdisc 1386
rnf_get_index 105
rnf_get_invzk 1225
rnf_get_k 1225
rnf_get_map 135659
rnf_get_nf 786086
rnf_get_nfdegree 21455
rnf_get_nfpol 255354
rnf_get_nfvarn 4886
rnf_get_nfzk 7245
rnf_get_pol 2845192
rnf_get_polabs 327628
rnf_get_ramified_primes 2849
rnf_get_varn 574
rnf_get_zk 4830
row 763893
row_i 987
rowcopy 204988
rowpermute 14706657
rowslice 79360272
rowslicepermute 185120
rowsplice 273
ser_isexactzero 10120326
shallowcopy 27632145
sqrfrac 4148329
sqrti 6610225
sqrtnr 2810146
sqrtr 80372792
sstoQ 1097313
sturm 385
submulii 31982591
submuliu 7700
submuliu_inplace 60201069
truecoef 0
trunc_safe 0
ulogint 1713258
upr_norm 346136
uutoQ 1602144
vec_append 3464574
vec_ei 1713790
vec_lengthen 18960
vec_prepend 314009
vec_setconst 0
vec_shorten 11557
vec_to_vecsmall 4036917
veclast 9372707
vecmodii 0
vecmoduu 49784
vecpermute 20550252
vecreverse 697305
vecreverse_inplace 2605
vecslice 656649103
vecslicepermute 2691676
vecsmall_append 4114703
vecsmall_coincidence 0
vecsmall_concat 1464275
vecsmall_copy 4403827
vecsmall_ei 584709
vecsmall_indexmax 21
vecsmall_indexmin 21
vecsmall_isin 84
vecsmall_lengthen 547
vecsmall_lexcmp 7043255
vecsmall_max 1164220
vecsmall_min 2345
vecsmall_pack 84
vecsmall_prefixcmp 108088071
vecsmall_prepend 186977
vecsmall_reverse 3052
vecsmall_shorten 75640
vecsmall_to_col 7838788
vecsmall_to_vec 511781
vecsmall_to_vec_inplace 3304
vecsmallpermute 78724339
vecsmalltrunc_append 100887320
vecsmalltrunc_init 189715464
vecsplice 384947
vectrunc_append 15856844
vectrunc_append_batch 9667
vectrunc_init 11768369
zc_to_ZC 7824609
zero_F2m 0
zero_F2m_copy 845031
zero_F2v 3647711
zero_F2x 1350
zero_Flm 2830463
zero_Flm_copy 238232
zero_Flv 59677200
zero_Flx 1426821
zero_zm 0
zero_zv 36737790
zero_zx 0
zerocol 122330373
zeromat 109074
zeromatcopy 14249607
zeropadic 855910
zeropadic_shallow 17024
zeropol 42353988
zeroser 138943
zerovec 29292089
zerovec_block 29654
zm_copy 0
zm_row 0
zm_to_zxV 0
zm_transpose 266
znstar_get_N 38658713
znstar_get_U 176107
znstar_get_Ui 46788
znstar_get_conreycyc 7982108
znstar_get_conreygen 3290526
znstar_get_cyc 262088
znstar_get_faN 7334819
znstar_get_gen 16150
znstar_get_no 14
znstar_get_pe 2869063
zv_copy 2183730
zv_to_ZV 502982
zv_to_zx 104146
zx_renormalize 14049
zx_shift 0
zx_to_zv 0

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